# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
# lastFri instead of lastSun).
+# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
+# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
+# cancelled yesterday....
+# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
+# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 2013 max - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Libya 2013 max - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
- 1:00 Libya CE%sT
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
# </a>
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
-# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
-# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
-# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
-# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
-
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-07-03):
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
+# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
+# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
+# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
+# source (French):
+# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
+# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
+# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03):
# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
-# transition dates for 2014 through 2021 were determined by running
+# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
#
# (let ((islamic-year 1435))
-# (while (< islamic-year 1444)
+# (while (< islamic-year 1461)
# (let ((a
# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
#
-# with the results hand-edited for 2020-2022, when the normal spring-forward
-# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.
-#
-# From 2023 through 2038 Ramadan is not predicted to overlap with
-# daylight saving time. Starting in 2039 there will be overlap again,
-# but 32-bit time_t values roll around in 2038 so for now do not worry
-# about dates after 2038.
+# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
+# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
+# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
+# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
+# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
+# date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would
+# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
+# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
+# due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after
+# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
+# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
+# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
-Rule Morocco 2012 2019 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S
-Rule Morocco 2023 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1:00 - CET 1986
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
+
# Western Sahara
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
+# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
+# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
+# Morocco does.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
+# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
+# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
+
Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
-1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
- 0:00 - WET
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Mozambique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3:00 - EAT
# South Sudan
-Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
- 3:00 - EAT
+Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Except for the French entries,
# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
-# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
# Scott Island (never inhabited)
#
# year-round base
-# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
+# See Pacific/Auckland.
#
-# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the 'australasia' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
# what they had to say about time there:
-# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
#
#
-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
- 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
-#
-# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
-# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
#
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
#
-Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
+# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# 4:00 GST Gulf*
# 5:30 IST India
# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
-# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
-# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
+# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
+# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
# 8:00 CST China
# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
-# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
+# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
- 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
+ 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
9:00 - TLT
# India
# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
# switched on 1945-09-23.
#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
+# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
+# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
+# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
+# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
+# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
+# The abbreviations are:
+#
+# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
+# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
+# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Java, Sumatra
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# but this must be a typo.
- 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
+ 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
- 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
+ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
- 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
- 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
- 7:30 - WIT 1964
- 7:00 - WIT
+ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
+ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
+ 7:30 - WIB 1964
+ 7:00 - WIB
+# west and central Borneo
Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
- 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
+ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
- 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
- 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
- 7:30 - WIT 1964
- 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
- 7:00 - WIT
+ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
+ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
+ 7:30 - WIB 1964
+ 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
+ 7:00 - WIB
+# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
- 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
+ 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
- 8:00 - CIT
+ 8:00 - WITA
+# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
- 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
+ 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
9:30 - CST 1964
- 9:00 - EIT
+ 9:00 - WIT
# Iran
# until about the same time next year (at least).
# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
-# For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes
-# permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-21):
+# It's looking like this change will be permanent; see
+# Petra News Agency, Cancelling winter saved Jordan $7 million (2013-02-20)
+# <http://www.albawaba.com/business/jordan-winter-electricity--472005>.
+# So move Jordan to UTC+3 as of the abovementioned date.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
-Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2006 2012 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2012 Oct 26 0:00s
+ 3:00 - AST
# Kazakhstan
# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-04-15):
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
+# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
+# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
+# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
+# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
+# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
+# official source...:
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
-# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00. This is consistent with
+# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2012 max - Sep Fri>=21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
+
+# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
+# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 and end at 3am
+# on Sunday 19th January, 2014.... move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
-# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
+# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
+# Monday in October. This matches both recent practice and
+# timeanddate.com's current spring-forward prediction.
+# For the January 2014 transition we guessed right while timeanddate.com
+# guessed wrong, so leave the fall-back prediction alone.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
# Auckland Is
# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
# uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Johnston
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03):
+# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
+# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
+# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
+# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
+# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
+# We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true
+# indefinitely into the past.
+#
+# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
# Kingman
# uninhabited
Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza
Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
-Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
+Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
+Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
-Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
-Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
+Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
Link America/Denver Navajo
Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
+Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
-Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
-Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
+Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
Link Asia/Taipei ROC
# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
# positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UTC
+# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
-# mean 4 hours ahead of UTC (i.e. east of Greenwich).
+# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
#
# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
# TZ='<GMT-4>+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst 2dst
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
# of the text said:
#
-# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
+# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# </a>
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
-# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
+# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
-# so we use `BDST'.
+# so we use 'BDST'.
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
+#
+# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Bulgaria
#
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Croatia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Cyprus
-# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
+# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
# Czech Republic
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
+# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
-# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
-# summer time next spring.''
+# summer time next spring."
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
-# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
+# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
#
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
#
-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
+# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
# </a>
-# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
+# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
- 1:00 - CET 1981
- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
+# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
+# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
+# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
+# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
+# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
+# central European time was in force throughout the year.
+# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
+# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
+
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+
# Lithuania
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Macedonia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Malta
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Montenegro
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Netherlands
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
-# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
-# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
-# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
+# for these regions.
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Poland
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
-# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - ANAT
+# San Marino
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
# Serbia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# Slovenia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
# Spain
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
+# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
-# most users of tzdata:
-# The zone file
-# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
-# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
-# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
-# 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
+#
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
+# The Federal regulations say
+# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
+
+# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
+# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
+# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
+# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
+# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
+# hour before the beginning of service.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
+# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
+#
+# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
+# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
+#
+# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
+# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
+#
+# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
+# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
+# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
+# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
+# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
+# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
+# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
+# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
+# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
+# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
- 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
+ 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
# changed in May.
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Vatican City
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
###############################################################################
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
# 1. ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
# ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-15 (2013-05-10). See: Updates on ISO 3166
# http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
-# 2. The usual English name for the country,
+# 2. The usual English name for the coded region,
# chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
# This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
#
# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
#
#country-
-#code country name
+#code name of country, territory, area, or subdivision
AD Andorra
AE United Arab Emirates
AF Afghanistan
BM Bermuda
BN Brunei
BO Bolivia
-BQ Bonaire, St Eustatius & Saba
+BQ Caribbean Netherlands
BR Brazil
BS Bahamas
BT Bhutan
-# <pre>
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain
+# leap-seconds.list file available from most NIST time servers.
+# If the URL <ftp://time.nist.gov/pub/leap-seconds.list> does not work,
+# you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
+# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
+# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
+# <http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>.
+
# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
-# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
+# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>.
# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
# did not exist until the early 1970s.
# or
# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - R/S
-# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time
-# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC
+# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time.
+# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC.
# Leap YEAR MONTH DAY HH:MM:SS CORR R/S
Leap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
Leap 2005 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
Leap 2008 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
Leap 2012 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
-
-# INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS)
-#
-# SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE
-#
-#
-# SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE
-# OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS
-# 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France)
-# Tel. : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26
-# FAX : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91
-# e-mail : (E-Mail Removed)
-# http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc
-#
-# Paris, 5 January 2012
-#
-#
-# Bulletin C 43
-#
-# To authorities responsible
-# for the measurement and
-# distribution of time
-#
-#
-# UTC TIME STEP
-# on the 1st of July 2012
-#
-#
-# A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2012.
-# The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be:
-#
-# 2012 June 30, 23h 59m 59s
-# 2012 June 30, 23h 59m 60s
-# 2012 July 1, 0h 0m 0s
-#
-# The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is:
-#
-# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2012 July 1 0h UTC : UTC-TAI = - 34s
-# from 2012 July 1, 0h UTC, until further notice : UTC-TAI = - 35s
-#
-# Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December
-# or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
-# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there
-# will be no time step at the next possible date.
-#
-#
-# Daniel GAMBIS
-# Head
-# Earth Orientation Center of IERS
-# Observatoire de Paris, France
# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
-# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
-# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
-# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
+# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
+# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
# Not everyone is happy with the results:
#
# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
# of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
-# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
+# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
+# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
# (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
# U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-# (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
+# (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
# Sunday of March'; and
-# (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
+# (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
# Sunday of November'.
# (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
# date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
-10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
-10:00 - HST
+Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
+
# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
# Arizona mostly uses MST.
# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
# large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
# tribal nations don't use DST.)
-
-Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
+# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
# and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
#
# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
-# and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
+# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
# Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
#
# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
-# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
-# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
+# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
+# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
-# one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
+# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
+# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
# info, so omit this for now.
#
# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
# currently uninhabited
-# see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
+# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
#
-# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
+# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
# Canada
# most of east Labrador
-# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
+# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
-3:30:52 - NST 1918
# Quebec
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
-# like Montreal.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
+# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
+# However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
+# from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
+# a separate entry was created for most of Quebec. We're loath to lose
+# its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
+# zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
-# In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
-# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
-# that "The residents of the Municipality of the
-# Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
-# Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
-# written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
-# the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
-# <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
+# The Quebec department of justice writes in
+# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
+# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
+# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
+# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
+# http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
+# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
-5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
-5:00 Canada E%sT
-
# Ontario
# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-6:00 - CST 1910
-5:00 - EST 1942
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
- -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
-5:00 - EST 1974
-5:00 Canada E%sT
Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# For an English translation of the decree, see
# <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
-# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
+# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
# </a>
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
###############################################################################
# Anguilla
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
- -4:00 - AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
-4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
- -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
-4:00 US A%sT
# Cayman Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
- -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
# Costa Rica
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
+# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
-5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
-5:00 Cuba C%sT
# Dominica
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
- -4:00 - AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
# Dominican Republic
-6:00 Salv C%sT
# Grenada
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
- -4:00 - AST
-
# Guadeloupe
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
- -4:00 - AST
# St Barthelemy
-Link America/Guadeloupe America/St_Barthelemy
# St Martin (French part)
-Link America/Guadeloupe America/Marigot
+# See 'southamerica'.
# Guatemala
#
# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
# Jamaica
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Follows US rules.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
+# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
+# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
- -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT 1984
-5:00 - EST
-4:00 - AST
# Montserrat
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
-# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
- -4:00 - AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
# Nicaragua
#
-5:00 - EST
# Puerto Rico
-# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
+# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
-4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
-4:00 - AST
# St Kitts-Nevis
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
- -4:00 - AST
-
# St Lucia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
- -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
# St Pierre and Miquelon
-# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
+# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-4:00 - AST 1980 May
-3:00 Canada PM%sT
# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
- -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
# Turks and Caicos
#
Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
- -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 TC E%sT
# British Virgin Is
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
- -4:00 - AST
-
# Virgin Is
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
- -4:00 - AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
+# with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
+# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
+# <http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina>.
+# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
+# standard time, so let's do that here too. This does not change UTC
+# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations. One minor
+# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
+# setting for time stamps past 2038.
+
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
# San Luis (SL)
Rule SanLuis 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
-Rule SanLuis 2007 2009 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-3:00 - ART 2004 May 31
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jul 25
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Jan 21
- -4:00 SanLuis WAR%sT
+ -4:00 SanLuis WAR%sT 2009 Oct 11
+ -3:00 - ART
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-3:00 - ART
# Aruba
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
- -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
- -4:00 - AST
+Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
# Bolivia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Tocantins state will have DST.
# http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
+# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
+# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
+# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
+# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
+# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
+# will change as well.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
+# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
-3:00 - BRT 1995 Sep 14
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2003 Sep 24
-3:00 - BRT 2012 Oct 21
- -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2013 Sep
+ -3:00 - BRT
#
# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
-5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22
-5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
- -4:00 - AMT
+ -4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
+ -5:00 - ACT
#
# Acre (AC)
Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
-5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
- -4:00 - AMT
+ -4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
+ -5:00 - ACT
# Chile
-4:00 - AST
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# At least for now, use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
+# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
-Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
-Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
+Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
+Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Caribbean Netherlands
# Ecuador
#
-4:00 - GYT
# Paraguay
+#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
+#
+# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
+# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
+# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
-4:00 - AST
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola
+
# Uruguay
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
-# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-05-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-14):
#
-# This file contains a table with the following columns:
-# 1. ISO 3166 2-character country code. See the file `iso3166.tab'.
-# This identifies a country that overlaps the zone. The country may
-# overlap other zones and the zone may overlap other countries.
-# 2. Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+# This file contains a table where each row stands for an area that is
+# the intersection of a region identified by a country code and of a
+# zone where civil clocks have agreed since 1970. The columns of the
+# table are as follows:
+#
+# 1. ISO 3166 2-character country code. See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
+# 2. Latitude and longitude of the area's principal location
# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
-# This location need not lie within the column-1 country.
# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
+# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
+# table, with column 1 being duplicated.
# 4. Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
#
# Columns are separated by a single tab.
# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
-# (2) puts the most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
+# (2) puts the most populous areas first, where that does not contradict (1).
#
-# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
#
# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda
-AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo Station, Ross Island
-AQ -9000+00000 Antarctica/South_Pole Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
+AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo, South Pole, Scott (New Zealand time)
AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island
AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
-CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Quebec - most locations
-CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario - most locations
+CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
IT +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
JE +4912-00207 Europe/Jersey
-JM +1800-07648 America/Jamaica
+JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time
US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
-US +364708-1084111 America/Shiprock Mountain Time - Navajo
-US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona
+US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
CHAST 45900
CHOT 28800
CHUT 36000
-CIT 28800
CKHST -34200 D
CLT -14400
COT -18000
WET 0
WFT 43200
WGST -7200 D
-WIT 25200
+WIB 25200
+WITA 28800
WST 28800
WST 46800
YAKT 36000
# (Asia/Choibalsan)
CHOT 28800 # Choibalsan Time (caution: this used to mean 32400)
# (Asia/Choibalsan)
-CIT 28800 # Central Indonesia Time
- # (Asia/Makassar)
+CIT 28800 # Central Indonesia Time (obsolete, WITA is now preferred)
EEST 10800 D # East-Egypt Summer Time
# Eastern Europe Summer Time
# (Africa/Cairo)
# (Europe/Uzhgorod)
# (Europe/Vilnius)
# (Europe/Zaporozhye)
-EIT 32400 # East Indonesia Time
- # (Asia/Jayapura)
+EIT 32400 # East Indonesia Time (obsolete, WIT is now preferred)
GEST 14400 D # Georgia Summer Time (obsolete)
# (Asia/Tbilisi)
GET 14400 # Georgia Time (caution: this used to mean 10800)
# (Asia/Vladivostok)
VLAT 39600 # Vladivostok Time (caution: this used to mean 36000)
# (Asia/Vladivostok)
-WIT 25200 # Waktu Indonesia Timur
- # West Indonesia Time
+WIB 25200 # Waktu Indonesia Barat
# (Asia/Jakarta)
# (Asia/Pontianak)
+WIT 32400 # Waktu Indonesia Timur (caution: this used to mean 25200)
+ # (Asia/Jayapura)
+WITA 28800 # Waktu Indonesia Tengah
+ # (Asia/Makassar)
YAKST 36000 D # Yakutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
# (Asia/Yakutsk)
YAKT 36000 # Yakutsk Time (caution: this used to mean 32400)
projects / users / gsingh / postgres.git / commitdiff