Add pg_sequences view

Add pg_sequences view

Like pg_tables, pg_views, and others, this view contains information
about sequences in a way that is independent of the system catalog
layout but more comprehensive than the information schema.

To help implement the view, add a new internal function
pg_sequence_last_value() to return the last value of a sequence.  This
is kept separate from pg_sequence_parameters() to separate querying
run-time state from catalog-like information.

Reviewed-by: Andreas Karlsson <andreas@proxel.se>