#
# name = value
#
-# (The '=' is optional.) White space may be used. Comments are introduced
-# with '#' anywhere on a line. The complete list of option names and
-# allowed values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. The
-# commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
+# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
+# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
+# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
-# Please note that re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it
-# to the default value, unless you restart the server.
+# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
+# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
+# you need to reload the server.
#
-# Any option can also be given as a command line switch to the server,
-# e.g., 'postgres -c log_connections=on'. Some options can be changed at
-# run-time with the 'SET' SQL command.
+# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
+# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
+# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
+# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
+# take effect.
#
-# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a
-# SIGHUP. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
-# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
-# settings, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart
-# to take effect.
+# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
+# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some paramters can be changed at run time
+# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes
# Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command line
-# switch or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
+# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
+# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
#data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
# (change requires restart)
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
-#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
+#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all
# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
#max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
-# Note: increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
-# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You
-# might also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections.
+# Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
+# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You might
+# also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections.
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
-#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # octal
+#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
-# - Security & Authentication -
+# - Security and Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
#ssl = off # (change requires restart)
-#ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # Allowed SSL ciphers
+#ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers
# (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off
# Kerberos and GSSAPI
#krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart)
-#krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart, kerberos only)
+#krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart, Kerberos only)
#krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry
- # (change requires restart, kerberos only)
+ # (change requires restart, Kerberos only)
#krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart)
#krb_realm = '' # (change requires restart)
# - TCP Keepalives -
-# see 'man 7 tcp' for details
+# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
# 0 selects the system default
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more
# (change requires restart)
-# Note: increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
+# Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
#work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
#maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 0-10000 credits
-# - Background writer -
+# - Background Writer -
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
#wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB
# (change requires restart)
-#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # range 1-10000, in milliseconds
+#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
# (change requires restart)
#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
#archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
- # many seconds; 0 is off
+ # time; 0 is off
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
#constraint_exclusion = off
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
- # JOINs
+ # JOIN clauses
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
-#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
- # stderr, csvlog, syslog and eventlog,
- # depending on platform.
- # csvlog requires logging_collector to be on
+#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
+ # stderr, csvlog, syslog and eventlog,
+ # depending on platform. csvlog
+ # requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
-#logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
- # into log files. Required to be on for csvlogs.
+#logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
+ # into log files. Required to be on for
+ # csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
-#log_directory = 'pg_log' # Directory where log files are written
- # Can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
-#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # Log file name pattern.
- # Can include strftime() escapes
-#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, any existing log file of the same
- # name as the new log file will be
- # truncated rather than appended to. But
- # such truncation only occurs on
+#log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
+ # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
+#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
+ # can include strftime() escapes
+#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file of the
+ # same name as the new log file will be
+ # truncated rather than appended to.
+ # But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
- # or size-driven rotation. Default is
+ # or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
-#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
- # happen after that time. 0 to
- # disable.
+#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
+ # happen after that time. 0 to disable.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
- # happen after that much log
- # output. 0 to disable.
+ # happen after that much log output.
+ # 0 to disable.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
# - When to Log -
-#client_min_messages = notice # Values in order of decreasing detail:
+#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# warning
# error
-#log_min_messages = notice # Values in order of decreasing detail:
+#log_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
-#log_min_error_statement = error # Values in order of decreasing detail:
+#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
- # statements running at least N msec.
+ # statements running at least this time.
-
-#silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or
+#silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or
# logging_collector
# (change requires restart)
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_hostname = off
-#log_line_prefix = '' # Special values:
+#log_line_prefix = '' # special values:
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
- # %p = PID
- # %t = timestamp (no milliseconds)
+ # %p = process ID
+ # %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %i = command tag
- # %c = session id
+ # %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
- # %v = virtual transaction id
- # %x = transaction id (0 if none)
- # %q = stop here in non-session
+ # %v = virtual transaction ID
+ # %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
+ # %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
-#log_lock_waits = off # Log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
+#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
-#log_temp_files = -1 # Log temporary files equal or larger
- # than specified number of kilobytes.
- # -1 disables; 0 logs all temp files
-#log_timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ
- # environment setting
+#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
+ # than specified size;
+ # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
+#log_timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ environment
+ # setting
+
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUNTIME STATISTICS
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
#log_statement_stats = off
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-#autovacuum = on # enable autovacuum subprocess?
- # 'on' requires track_counts
- # to also be on
-#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions
- # and their durations, > 0 logs only
- # actions running at least N msec.
-#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max # of autovacuum subprocesses
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
+ # requires track_counts to also be on.
+#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
+ # their durations, > 0 logs only
+ # actions running at least that time.
+#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
-#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min # of tuple updates before
+#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# vacuum
-#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min # of tuple updates before
- # analyze
-#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of rel size before
- # vacuum
-#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of rel size before
+#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# analyze
+#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
+#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
-#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20 # default vacuum cost delay for
- # autovacuum, -1 means use
+#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20 # default vacuum cost delay for
+ # autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_delay
-#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
+#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
#search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
-#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses
- # the default
-#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names,
- # '' uses only default tablespace
+#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
+#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
+ # only default tablespace
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
# - Locale and Formatting -
#datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
-#timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ
- # environment setting
-#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # select the set of available timezone
- # abbreviations. Currently, there are
+#timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ environment
+ # setting
+#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
+ # abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia
# India
- # However you can also create your own
- # file in share/timezonesets/.
+ # You can create your own file in
+ # share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
-# These settings are initialized by initdb -- they might be changed
-#lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message
+# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
+#lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message
# strings
#lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting
#lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting
#local_preload_libraries = ''
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
-# Note: each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
+# Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
# lock table slots.
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# - Previous Postgres Versions -
+# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
#add_missing_from = off
#array_nulls = on
#regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic
#sql_inheritance = on
-# - Other Platforms & Clients -
+# - Other Platforms and Clients -
#transform_null_equals = off
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
-#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names
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