# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
#
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
-# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1:00 - WAT
# Comoros
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Democratic Republic of the Congo
# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
# Djibouti
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
###############################################################################
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Eritrea
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
- 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
- 3:00 - EAT
-
# Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
-# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
-# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
-# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
-# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
-# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
-# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
-# anyway.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
- 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Gabon
# See Africa/Lagos.
2:30 - BEAT 1940
2:45 - BEAUT 1960
3:00 - EAT
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
# Lesotho
# See Africa/Johannesburg.
2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
- 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Malawi
# See Africa/Maputo.
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Morocco
# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Somalia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
- 3:00 - EAT 1931
- 2:30 - BEAT 1957
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# South Africa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# See Africa/Johannesburg.
# Tanzania
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
- 3:00 - EAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Togo
# See Africa/Abidjan.
1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
- 3:00 - EAT 1930
- 2:30 - BEAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAUT 1957
- 3:00 - EAT
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Zambia
# Zimbabwe
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
#
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
# 4:00 GST Gulf*
# 5:30 IST India
-# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
+# 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
# 8:00 CST China
+# 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
# Cambodia
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
- 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
- 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
- 7:00 - ICT
+# See Asia/Bangkok.
+
# China
# Korea (North and South)
# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
-# http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp
-# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
-# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
-# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
-# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
+# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
+# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
+# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
+# between 1987 and 1988 ...
+
+# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
+# According to the Korean Wikipedia
+# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
+# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
+# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
+# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
+# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
+# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
+# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
-# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
-# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
+Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
+# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
+#
+# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
+# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
+# (Announcement No. 338)
+# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
+# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
+# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
+#
+# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
+# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
+# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
+#
+# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
+#
+# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
- 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
- 9:00 - JCST 1928
- 8:30 - KST 1932
+Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
+ 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
- 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
- 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
+ 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
9:00 ROK K%sT
-Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
- 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
- 9:00 - JCST 1928
- 8:30 - KST 1932
+Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
+ 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
- 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
- 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
9:00 - KST
###############################################################################
3:00 - AST
# Laos
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
- 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
- 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
- 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
- 7:00 - ICT
+# See Asia/Bangkok.
+
# Lebanon
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
7:00 - ICT
+Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
+Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
# Turkmenistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
# Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
-# and Pottenger.
+# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
+# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
+# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
+# is quoted verbatim in:
+# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
+# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
+# and is the basis for the information below.
+#
+# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
+# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
+# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
+# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
+# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
+# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
+# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
+#
+# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
+# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
+# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
+# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
+# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
+# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
+# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
+# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
+# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
+# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
+#
+# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
+#
+# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
+# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
+#
+# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
+# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
+#
+# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
+# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
- 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
- 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
+Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
+ 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
7:00 - ICT
# Yemen
# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10):
-# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
-# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January.
-# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice.
+# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
+# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20):
+# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
+# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it
+# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future
+# practice than guessing no DST.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
-Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
+# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
+# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
+#
+# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
+# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
+# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
+# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
+# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
+# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
+# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
+#
+# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
+# abbreviate this as BST. See:
+# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
+#
+Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
+ 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
+ 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
+ 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
+ 11:00 - BST
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
+# 11:00 BST Bougainville*
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 time stamps.
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for the data is the following,
-# which does not itself cite sources and is often wrong:
-#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use
# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Ethiopia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
+Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Eritrea
+Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
# Mali (southern)
Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
0:00 - GMT
+# Tanzania
+Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ 3:00 - EAT 1948
+ 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Djibouti
+Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
# Cameroon
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT
+# Uganda
+Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT 1930
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1948
+ 2:45 - BEAUT 1957
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
# Rwanda
Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
2:00 - CAT
Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST
+# Somalia
+Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
+ 3:00 - EAT 1931
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1957
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
# Niger
Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
-1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
8:00 PRC C%sT
Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
+# Vietnam
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
+# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
+# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
+Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
+ 8:00 - IDT 1954 Oct
+ 7:00 - ICT
+
# China
# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
# Portuguese India switched to GMT+5 on 1912-01-01.
#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete]
+# Cambodia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. Also, guess
+# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT+7 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
+# (2) they also reverted to UT+7 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
+# These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
+# transitions there.
+Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
+ 8:00 - IDT 1953 Nov 9
+ 7:00 - ICT
+
# Israel
Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
2:21 - JMT 1918
2:00 Zion I%sT
+# Laos
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
+# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT+7 on 1955-04-15.
+# Also, guess that Laos reverted to UT+7 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
+# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
+Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
+ 8:00 - IDT 1955 Apr 15
+ 7:00 - ICT
+
# Jan Mayen
# From Whitman:
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
+# Madagascar
+Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Comoros
+Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# Mayotte
+Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
# US minor outlying islands
Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
-# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
+# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
+# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
+# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
+# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
+# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
+# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
+# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
+# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
+
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
+#
+# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
+# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
+# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
+# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 - FET
+ 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s
+ 3:00 - MSK
# Belgium
#
# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
-# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
+# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>.
################################################################################
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
-# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
+# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
#
-# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
-# information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
-# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php
-# (updated periodically).
+# National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
+# http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
+# http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
# [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
-# According to maps at
-# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
-# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
-# (both dated 2003), and
+# According to ...
# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
-# daylight saving only during wartime.
+# daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
+# mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
+# see above for an up-to-date link.
# From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
# ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round. See:
# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
-# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
+# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
+# From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
+# ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
+# "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
-5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979
- -5:00 US E%sT 2014 Nov 2 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
-4:00 - AST
# British Virgin Is
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
-PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby
+PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby most locations
+PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
-PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby
+PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby most locations
+PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
-TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
+TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok most of Indochina
TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent east Uzbekistan
VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
+VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh south Vietnam
VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
BRST -7200 D
BRT -10800
BST 3600 D
+BST 39600
BTT 21600
CAT 7200
CCT 23400
EGST 0 D
EGT -3600
EST -18000
-FET 10800
FJST 46800 D
FJT 43200
FKST -10800
IOT 21600
IRDT 16200 D
IRKT 28800
-IRKT 32400
IRST 12600
IST 19800
IST 3600 D
KGT 21600
KOST 39600
KRAT 25200
-KRAT 28800
KST 32400
LHDT 39600 D
LHST 37800
LINT 50400
MAGT 36000
-MAGT 43200
MART -34200
MAWT 18000
MDT -21600 D
MIST 39600
MMT 23400
MSK 10800
-MSK 14400
MST -25200
MUT 14400
MVT 18000
NDT -9000 D
NFT 41400
NOVT 21600
-NOVT 25200
NPT 20700
NRT 43200
NST -12600
NZDT 46800 D
NZST 43200
OMST 21600
-OMST 25200
ORAT 18000
PDT -25200 D
PET -18000
RET 14400
ROTT -10800
SAKT 36000
-SAKT 39600
SAMT 14400
SAST 7200
SBT 39600
UZT 18000
VET -16200
VLAT 36000
-VLAT 39600
VOST 21600
VUT 39600
WAKT 43200
WSST 46800
XJT 21600
YAKT 32400
-YAKT 36000
YEKT 18000
-YEKT 21600
#################### EUROPE ####################
+# CONFLICT! BST is not unique
+# Other timezones:
+# - BST: Bougainville Standard Time (Papua New Guinea)
BST 3600 D # British Summer Time
- # Brazil Standard Time
- # Bering Summer Time
# (Europe/London)
BDST 7200 D # British Double Summer Time
CEST 7200 D # Central Europe Summer Time
# (Europe/Uzhgorod)
# (Europe/Vilnius)
# (Europe/Zaporozhye)
-FET 10800 # Further-eastern European Time
+FET 10800 # Further-eastern European Time (obsolete)
# (Europe/Kaliningrad)
# (Europe/Minsk)
MEST 7200 D # Middle Europe Summer Time (not in zic)
# src/timezone/tznames/Europe.txt
#
+# CONFLICT! BST is not unique
+# Other timezones:
+# - BST: Bougainville Standard Time (Papua New Guinea)
BST 3600 D # British Summer Time
- # Brazil Standard Time
- # Bering Summer Time
# (Europe/London)
CEST 7200 D # Central Europe Summer Time
# (Africa/Ceuta)
# (Europe/Uzhgorod)
# (Europe/Vilnius)
# (Europe/Zaporozhye)
-FET 10800 # Further-eastern European Time
+FET 10800 # Further-eastern European Time (obsolete)
# (Europe/Kaliningrad)
# (Europe/Minsk)
GMT 0 # Greenwich Mean Time
# src/timezone/tznames/Pacific.txt
#
+# CONFLICT! BST is not unique
+# Other timezones:
+# - BST: British Summer Time
+BST 39600 # Bougainville Standard Time (Papua New Guinea)
+ # (Pacific/Bougainville)
CHADT 49500 D # Chatham Daylight Time (New Zealand)
# (Pacific/Chatham)
CHAST 45900 # Chatham Standard Time (New Zealand)
projects / postgresql.git / commitdiff