Add more tests with triggers on partitions for logical replication

Add more tests with triggers on partitions for logical replication

The tuple routing logic used by a logical replication worker can fire
triggers on relations part of a partition tree, but there was no test
coverage in this area.  The existing script 003_constraints.pl included
something, but nothing when a tuple is applied across partitioned tables
on a subscriber.

Author: Amit Langote
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB611383FA0FE92EB9DE21946AFB769@OS0PR01MB6113.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com