1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
|
PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©
×î½ü¸üУº2005 Äê 06 Ô 02 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÎå 22:27:35 CST
Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
ÖÐÎÄ°æά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºdoudou586 £¨doudou586_2005@yahoo.com.cn£©
±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html²é¿´¡£
Óë²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/Àï»Ø´ð¡£
_________________________________________________________________
³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
1.1)PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿
1.2)PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô£¿
1.3)PostgreSQL ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚÄÄЩ²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨ÉÏ£¿
1.4)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿
1.5)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿
1.6)ÎÒÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿
1.7)×îаæµÄPostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿
1.8)Äܹ»»ñÈ¡µÄ×îÐÂÎĵµÓÐÄÄЩ£¿
1.9)ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG »òÔÝȱµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¿
1.10)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿
1.11)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿
1.12)PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
1.13)Ë¿ØÖƺ͹ÜÀíPostgreSQL £¿
Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ
2.1)ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿
2.2)ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿
2.3)PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂð£¿
ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ
3.1)ÎÒÔõÑù²ÅÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿
3.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿
3.3)ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿
3.4)PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿
3.5)ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿
3.6)ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL Ö÷Òª·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿
3.7)(ʹÓÃPostgreSQL)ÎÒÐèҪʹÓÃʲô¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ £¿
²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ
4.1)ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿»òÊÇËæ»úµÄÒ»ÐУ¿
4.2)ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿ÈçºÎ²é¿´psqlÀïÓõ½µÄ²éѯָ
Áî²¢ÏÔʾËüÃÇ£¿
4.3)ÈçºÎ¸ü¸ÄÒ»¸ö×ֶεÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ£¿
4.4)Ò»ÐмǼ£¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿
4.5)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿
4.6)ΪʲôÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÕâЩ²éѯûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý£¿
4.7)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑùÆÀ¹À´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿
4.8)ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½ø
ÐдóСдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿
4.9)ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ
NULL£¿ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ׼ȷÅÅÐò¶ø²»ÂÛij×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñº¬NULLÖµ£¿
4.10)¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿
4.11.1)ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿
4.11.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿
4.11.3)ʹÓà currval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿
4.11.4)Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖ
дæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
4.12)ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ CTID £¿
4.13)ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in
AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
4.14)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿
4.15)ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿
4.16)ÈçºÎ½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
4.17)ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿
4.18)ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿
4.19)ΪʲôÎÒÔÚʹÓÃPL/PgSQLº¯Êý´æÈ¡ÁÙʱ±íʱ»áÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°relation
with OID ##### does not exist¡±£¿
4.20)Ä¿Ç°ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸¿ÉÓã¿
_________________________________________________________________
³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
1.1)PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿
PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ Post-Gres-Q-L£¬ÓÐʱºòÒ²¼ò³ÆΪPostgres ¡£
PostgreSQL
ÊÇÃæÏòÄ¿±êµÄ¹ØϵÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ£¬Ëü¾ßÓд«Í³ÉÌÒµÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳµÄËùÓй¦ÄÜ£¬Í¬Ê±ÓÖ
º¬Óн«ÔÚÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS ϵͳµÄʹÓõÄÔöÇ¿ÌØÐÔ¡£ PostgreSQL
ÊÇ×ÔÓÉÃâ·ÑµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂ붼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£
PostgreSQL
µÄ¿ª·¢¶ÓÎéÖ÷ҪΪ־ԸÕߣ¬ËûÃDZ鲼ÊÀ½ç¸÷µØ²¢Í¨¹ý»¥ÁªÍø½øÐÐÁªÏµ£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö
ÉçÇø¿ª·¢ÏîÄ¿£¬Ëü²»±»Èκι«Ë¾¿ØÖÆ¡£
ÈçÏë¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飬Çë²Î¼û¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html
1.2)PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô?
PostgreSQLµÄ·¢²¼×ñ´Ó¾
µäµÄBSD°æȨ¡£¹ØÓÚÔ´´úÂëµÄÈçºÎʹÓÃûÓÐÈκÎÏÞÖÆ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜϲ»¶ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½²¢ÇÒ»
¹Ã»ÓдòËã¸Ä±äËü¡£
ÏÂÃæ¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇʹÓõÄBSD°æȨÄÚÈÝ£º
²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1996-2005£¬PostgreSQL
È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×飬²¿·Ö°æȨ£¨c£©1994-1996 ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶ÊÂ
£¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development
Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of
California£©
ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓÃ
£¬
²¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶ÎÎÄ
×Ö³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£
£¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written
agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all
copies.£©
ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶¼²»³Ðµ£ÒòʹÓôËÈí¼þ¼°ÆäÎĵµ¶øµ¼ÖµĶÔÈκε±ÊÂÈË
µÄÖ±½ÓµÄ£¬
¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈΣ¬¼´Ê¹¼ÓÖÝ
´óѧÒѾ½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£
£¨IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY
PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.£©
¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÃ÷È··ÅÆúÈκα£Ö¤£¬°üÀ¨µ«²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚijһÌض¨ÓÃ;µÄÉÌÒµºÍÀûÒæµÄÒþº¬
±£Ö¤¡£
ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎÌṩά
»¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£
£¨THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE
PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT,
UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£©
1.3)PostgreSQL ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚÄÄЩ²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨ÉÏ£¿
Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈݵÄƽ̨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL
¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁгöÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄƽ̨¡£
PostgreSQlÒ²¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔËÐÐÔÚ»ùÓÚ΢ÈíWindows-NTµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÈçWin2000£¬Win
XP ºÍ Win2003£¬ÒÑÖÆ×÷Íê³ÉµÄ°²×°°ü¿É´Ó
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstallerÏÂÔØ£¬»ùÓÚMSDOSµÄWindows²Ù×÷Ï
µÍ³ £¨Win95£¬Win98£¬WinMe£©ÐèҪͨ¹ýCygwinÄ£Äâ»·¾³ÔËÐÐPostgreSQL¡£
ͬʱҲÓÐÒ»¸öΪNovell Netware 6¿ª·¢µÄ°æ±¾¿É´Ó http://forge.novell.com
»ñÈ¡£¬ÎªOS/2¿ª·¢µÄ°æ±¾¿É´Ó
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre
SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F
1.4)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿
ͨ¹ýä¯ÀÀÆ÷¿É´Óhttp://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ÏÂÔØ£¬Ò²¿Éͨ¹ýFTP£¬´Ó
ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/Õ¾µãÏÂÔØ¡£
1.5)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿
PostgreSQLÉçÇøͨ¹ýÓʼþÁбíΪÆä´ó¶àÊýÓû§Ìṩ°ïÖú£¬¼ÓÈëÓʼþÁбíµÄÖ÷Õ¾µã
ÊÇ
http://www.postgresql.org/community/lists/£¬Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬ÏȼÓÈëGeneral
»ò BugÓʼþÁбíÊÇÒ»¸ö½ÏºÃµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£
Ö÷ÒªµÄIRCƵµÀÊÇÔÚFreeNode(irc.freenode.net)µÄ#postgresql£¬ÎªÁËÁ¬ÉÏ´ËƵ
µÀ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃUNIX³ÌÐòirc£¬ÆäÖ¸Áî¸ñʽ£º irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER"
irc.freenode.net
£¬»òÕßʹÓÃÆäËûIRC¿Í»§¶Ë³ÌÐò¡£ÔÚ´ËÍøÂçÖл¹´æÔÚÒ»¸öPostgreSQLµÄÎ÷°àÑÀƵµ
À(#postgersql-es)ºÍ·¨ÓïƵµÀ
(#postgresql-fr)¡£Í¬ÑùµØ£¬ÔÚEFNETÉÏÒ²ÓÐÒ»¸öPostgreSQLµÄ½»Á÷ƵµÀ¡£
ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php¡£
1.6)ÎÒÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿
¿É·ÃÎÊ
http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug£¬ÌîдBugÉϱ¨±í¸ñ¼´¿É¡£
ͬÑùÒ²¿É·ÃÎÊftpÕ¾µãftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/
¼ì²éÓÐÎÞ¸üеÄPostgreSQL°æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£
1.7)×îаæµÄPostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿
PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾ÊÇ°æ±¾ 8.0.2 £¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖ×îа汾Ϊ8.0.3£©¡£
ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿Äê·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾£¬Ã¿¼¸¸öÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öС°æ±¾¡£
1.8)Äܹ»»ñÈ¡µÄ×îÐÂÎĵµÓÐÄÄЩ£¿
PostgreSQL°üº¬´óÁ¿µÄÎĵµ£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û
/doc Ŀ¼£¨Òë×¢£ºÓ¦Îª $PGHOME/doc£©¡£ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL
µÄÊֲᣬÆäµØÖ·ÊÇ£ºhttp://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs¡£
ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html ºÍ
http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ ¡£
Ò²ÓдóÁ¿µÄPostgreSQLÊé¼®¿É¹©¹ºÂò£¬ÆäÖÐ×îΪÁ÷ÐеÄÒ»±¾ÊÇÓÉKorry
Douglas±àдµÄ¡£ÔÚ
http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/techdocs/bookreviews.phpÉÏ
ÉÏÓдóÁ¿ÓйØPostgreSQLÊé¼®µÄ¼ò½é¡£ ÔÚ
http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL
µÄ´óÁ¿¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£
¿Í»§¶ËµÄÃüÁîÐгÌÐòpsqlÓÐһЩÒÔ \d
¿ªÍ·µÄÃüÁ¿ÉÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬»ã×ܵȵÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Ê¹Óà \?
¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾËùÓпÉÓõÄÃüÁî¡£
ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ¡£
1.9)ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG »òÔÝȱµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¿
PostgreSQL Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL-92 µÄ×Ó¼¯¡£²ÎÔÄÎÒÃǵÄTODO
ÁÐ±í£¬»ñÈ¡Ò»¸öÒÑÖªBug£¬ÔÝȱµÄ¹¦Äܺͽ«À´µÄ¼Æ»®¡£
1.10)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿
Ê×ÏÈ¿¼ÂÇÉÏÊöÌáµ½µÄÓëPostgreSQLÏà¹ØµÄÊé¼®£¬ÁíÍâÒ»±¾ÊÇTeach Yourself SQL
in 21 Days, Second Edition£¬ ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶The Practical SQL
Handbook Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley£¬ÆäËûµÄÔòϲ»¶ The
Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill¡£
1.11)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿
Ïê¼û Developer's FAQ ¡£
1.12)PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£
ÌØÐÔ
PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬
ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐԺ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£
ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÈçÓû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²
¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£
ÐÔÄÜ
PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï¿ì£¬¶ÔÆäËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£
ÓëÆäËûÊý¾Ý¿âÏà±È£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÐÔÄÜͨ³£ÔÚ +/- 10%Ö®¼ä¡£
¿É¿¿ÐÔ
ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS ±ØÐëÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£
ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾
¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta
²âÊÔʱ¼ä£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓ
ÃÓÚÉú²úʹÓõİ汾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅ
ÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£
Ö§³Ö
ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ
½µÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ¡£ ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS
Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄܹ»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£
Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐò½Ó´¥Áî PostgreSQL
µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS
»¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡
££¨²ÎÔÄ FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.5 С½Ú£©
¼Û¸ñ
ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£
Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄãµÄ²úÆ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµ
Ä°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ°æȨÍâ¡£
1.13)Ë¿ØÖÆPostgreSQL £¿
Èç¹ûÄãÔÚÑ°ÕÒPostgreSQLµÄÕÆÃÅÈË£¬»òÊÇʲôÖÐÑëίԱ»á£¬»òÊÇʲôËùÊô¹«Ë¾£¬
ÄãÖ»ÄÜ·ÅÆúÁË---ÒòΪһ¸öÒ²²»´æÔÚ£¬µ«ÎÒÃǵÄÈ·ÓÐÒ»¸ö
ίԱ»áºÍCVS¹ÜÀí×飬µ«ÕâЩ¹¤×÷×éµÄÉèÁ¢Ö÷ÒªÊÇΪÁ˽øÐйÜÀí¹¤×÷¶ø²»ÊǶÔPos
tgreSQL½øÐпØÖÆ£¬PostgreSQLÏîÄ¿ÊÇÓÉÈκÎÈ˾ù
¿É²Î¼ÓµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÉçÇøºÍËùÓÐÓû§¿ØÖƵģ¬ÄãËùÐèÒª×öµÄ¾ÍÊǼÓÈëÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬²Î
ÓëÌÖÂÛ¼´¿É£¨Òª²ÎÓëPostgreSQLµÄ¿ª·¢Ïê¼û Developer's FAQ »ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢£©¡£
_________________________________________________________________
Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ
2.1)ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿
PostgreSQL(ȱʡÇé¿ö)Ö»°²×°ÓÐCºÍÄÚǶʽCµÄ½Ó¿Ú£¬ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿Ú¶¼ÊǶÀÁ¢µÄÏîÄ¿
£¬Äܹ»·Ö±ðÏÂÔØ£¬ÕâЩ½Ó¿ÚÏîÄ¿¶ÀÁ¢µÄºÃ´¦
ÊÇËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓи÷×Եķ¢²¼¼Æ»®ºÍ¸÷×Ô¶ÀÁ¢µÄ¿ª·¢×é¡£
һЩ±à³ÌÓïÑÔÈçPHP¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ PostgreSQL
µÄ½Ó¿Ú£¬Perl,TCL,PythonÒÔ¼°ºÜ¶àÆäËûÓïÑԵĽӿÚÔÚ
http://gborg.postgresql.org ÉϵÄDrivers/InterfacesС½Ú¿ÉÕÒµ½£¬
²¢ÇÒͨ¹ýInternetºÜÈÝÒ×ËÑË÷µ½¡£
2.2)ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ã棿
Ò»¸ö½éÉÜÒÔÊý¾Ý¿âΪºǫ́µÄͦ²»´íµÄÕ¾µãÊÇ£ºhttp://www.webreview.com¡£
¶ÔÓÚ Web ¼¯³É£¬PHP ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËüÔÚ£ºhttp://www.php.net/¡£
¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£
2.3)PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂð£¿
Êǵģ¬ÔÚ
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/GUIToolsÓÐÒ»¸öÏêϸµÄÁÐ±í¡£
_________________________________________________________________
ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ
3.1)ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿
ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£
3.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿
ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix
ÓòÌ×½Ó×Ö»òTCP/IP·½Ê½ÇÒÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£
ÄãÖ»ÓÐÔÚÐÞ¸ÄÁËÅäÖÃÎļþpostgresql.confÖеÄlisten_addresses£¬ÇÒÒ²ÔÚÅäÖÃÎ
ļþpg_hba.confÖдò¿ªÁË Ö÷»úΪ»ù´¡£¨ host-based
£©µÄÉí·ÝÈÏÖ¤£¬²¢ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯PostgreSQL£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄPostgreSQL
·þÎñÆ÷Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£
3.3)ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿
ÓÐÈý¸öÖ÷Òª·½Ãæ¿ÉÒÔÌáÉýPostgreSQLµÄDZÄÜ¡£
²éѯ·½Ê½µÄ±ä»¯
ÕâÖ÷ÒªÉæ¼°Ð޸IJéѯ·½Ê½ÒÔ»ñÈ¡¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ:
+ ´´½¨Ë÷Òý£¬°üÀ¨±í´ïʽºÍ²¿·ÖË÷Òý£»
+ ʹÓÃCOPYÓï¾ä´úÌæ¶à¸öInsertÓï¾ä£»
+ ½«¶à¸öSQLÓï¾ä×é³ÉÒ»¸öÊÂÎñÒÔ¼õÉÙÌá½»ÊÂÎñµÄ¿ªÏú£»
+ ´ÓÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÖÐÌáÈ¡¶àÌõ¼Ç¼ʱʹÓÃCLUSTER£»
+ ´ÓÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûÖÐÈ¡³ö²¿·Ö¼Ç¼ʱʹÓÃLIMIT£»
+ ʹÓÃÔ¤±àÒëʽ²éѯ£¨Prepared Query)£»
+ ʹÓÃANALYZEÒÔ±£³Ö¾«È·µÄÓÅ»¯Í³¼Æ£»
+ ¶¨ÆÚʹÓà VACUUM »ò pg_autovacuum
+ ½øÐдóÁ¿Êý¾Ý¸ü¸ÄʱÏÈɾ³ýË÷Òý£¨È»ºóÖؽ¨Ë÷Òý£©
·þÎñÆ÷µÄÅäÖÃ
ÅäÖÃÎļþpostgres.confÖеĺܶàÉèÖö¼»áÓ°ÏìÐÔÄÜ£¬ËùÓвÎÊýµÄÁбí¿É
¼û£º Administration Guide/Server Run-time Environment/Run-time
Configuration£¬ ÓйزÎÊýµÄ½âÊͿɼû£º
http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_co
nf_e.html ºÍ
http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/perf.html¡£
Ó²¼þµÄÑ¡Ôñ
¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ¶ÔÐÔÄܵÄÓ°Ïì¿Éä¯ÀÀ
http://candle.pha.pa.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/inde
x.html ºÍ http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/¡£
3.4)PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿
PostgreSQL ÓкܶàÀàËÆ log_*
µÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÅäÖñäÁ¿¿ÉÓÃÓÚ²éѯµÄ´òÓ¡ºÍ½ø³Ìͳ¼Æ£¬¶øÕâЩ¹¤×÷¶Ôµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÊÔ
ºÜÓаïÖú¡£
3.5)ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿
Õâ±íʾÄãÒѴﵽȱʡ100¸ö²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýµÄÏÞÖÆ£¬ÄãÐèҪͨ¹ýÐÞ¸Äpostgresql.
confÎļþÖеÄmax_connectionsÖµÀ´
Ôö¼ÓpostmasterµÄºǫ́²¢·¢´¦ÀíÊý£¬Ð޸ĺóÐèÖØÐÂÆô¶¯postmaster¡£
3.6)ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL Ö÷Òª·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿
PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐ޸ģ¬Òò´Ë´Ó 7.4.0 Éý¼¶µ½
7.4.1 ²»ÐèÒª dump ºÍ restore¡£ µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó 7.3 µ½
7.4£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£
ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏòºó¼æÈÝ¡£ dump
½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØмÓÔز¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£
3.7)(ʹÓÃPostgreSQL)ÎÒÐèҪʹÓÃʲô¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ £¿
ÓÉÓÚ¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ´ó¶àÊýÊǼæÈݵģ¬ÈËÃÇ×ÜÊÇÇãÏòÓÚÏàÐÅËùÓмÆËã»úÓ²¼þÖÊÁ¿Ò²ÊÇ
ÏàͬµÄ¡£ÊÂʵÉϲ»ÊÇ£¬ ECC RAM£¨´øÆæżУÑéµÄÄڴ棩£¬SCSI
£¨Ó²ÅÌ£©ºÍÓÅÖʵÄÖ÷°å±ÈһЩ±ãÒË»õÒª¸ü¼Ó¿É¿¿ÇÒ¾ßÓиüºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£PostgreSQL
¼¸ºõ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚÈκÎÓ²¼þÉÏ£¬
µ«Èç¹û¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÐÔÄܶÔÄãµÄϵͳºÜÖØÒª£¬Äã¾ÍÐèҪȫÃæµÄÑо¿Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄÓ²¼þÅäÖÃ
ÁË¡£ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÉÏÒ²ÓйØÓÚ Ó²¼þÅäÖúÍÐԼ۱ȵÄÌÖÂÛ¡£
_________________________________________________________________
²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ
4.1)ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿»òÊÇËæ»úµÄÒ»ÐУ¿
Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÊÇÒªÌáÈ¡¼¸ÐÐÊý¾Ý£¬²¢ÇÒÄãÔÚÖ´ÐвéѯÖÐÖªµÀÈ·ÇеÄÐÐÊý£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
LIMIT¹¦ÄÜ¡£ Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë ORDER BYÖеÄÌõ¼þÆ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL
¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ¼Ç¼£¬
£¨·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐУ©¡£Èç¹ûÔÚÖ´Ðвéѯ¹¦ÄÜʱ²»Öª
µÀÈ·ÇеļǼÊý£¬ ¿ÉʹÓÃÓαê(cursor)ºÍFETCH¹¦ÄÜ¡£
¿ÉʹÓÃÒÔÏ·½·¨ÌáÈ¡Ò»ÐÐËæ»ú¼Ç¼µÄ£º
SELECT cols
FROM tab
ORDER BY random()
LIMIT 1 ;
4.2)ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿ÈçºÎ²é¿´psqlÀïÓõ½µÄ²éѯָÁî²¢Ï
ÔʾËüÃÇ£¿
ÔÚpsqlÖÐʹÓà \dt
ÃüÁîÀ´ÏÔʾÊý¾Ý±íµÄ¶¨Ò壬ҪÁ˽âpsqlÖеÄÍêÕûÃüÁîÁбí¿ÉʹÓÃ\?
£¬ÁíÍ⣬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ psql µÄÔ´´úÂë
Îļþpgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c£¬Ëü°üÀ¨ÎªÉú³Épsql·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄË
ùÓÐ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø -E Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ psql£¬
ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄãÔÚpsqlÖÐËù¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîµÄÄÚ²¿Êµ¼ÊʹÓõÄSQL²éѯ¡£Postg
reSQLÒ²ÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö¼æÈÝSQLµÄINFORMATION SCHEMA½Ó¿Ú£¬
Äã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÕâÀï»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
ÔÚϵͳÖÐÓÐһЩÒÔpg_ ´òÍ·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁ˱íµÄ¶¨Òå¡£
ʹÓà psql -l Ö¸Áî¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£
Ò²¿ÉÒÔä¯ÀÀÒ»ÏÂ
pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.sourceÎļþ£¬ËüÁоÙÁ˺ܶà¿É´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±íÖлñ
È¡ÐÅÏ¢µÄSELECTÓï·¨¡£
4.3)ÈçºÎ¸ü¸ÄÒ»¸ö×ֶεÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ£¿
ÔÚ8.0°æ±¾Àï¸ü¸ÄÒ»¸ö×ֶεÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐͺÜÈÝÒ×£¬¿ÉʹÓà ALTER TABLE ALTER
COLUMN TYPE ¡£
ÔÚÒÔÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º
BEGIN;
ALTER TABLE tab ADD COLUMN new_col new_data_type;
UPDATE tab SET new_col = CAST(old_col AS new_data_type);
ALTER TABLE tab DROP COLUMN old_col;
COMMIT;
ÄãÈ»ºó¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃVACUUM FULL tab Ö¸ÁîÀ´Ê¹ÏµÍ³ÊÕ»ØÎÞЧÊý¾ÝËùÕ¼ÓõĿռ䡣
4.4)Ò»ÐмǼ£¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿
ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º
Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨ÒÑ´æÔÚÓÐ 32TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£©
Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 32 TB
Ò»ÐмǼµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 1.6 TB
Ò»¸ö×ֶεÄ×î´ó³ß´ç? 1 GB
Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿ 250-1600 £¨ÓëÁÐÀàÐÍÓйأ©
Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖ
ÆÔ¼¡£ ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬µ±ÕâЩÊýÖµ±äµÃÒì³£µØ´óʱ£¬ÏµÍ³ÐÔÄÜÒ²»áÊܴܺóÓ°Ïì¡£
±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 32 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 GB
µÄÎļþ´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£
Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý»¹¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Óµ½Ëı¶¡£
4.5)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿
Ò»¸ö Postgres
Êý¾Ý¿â£¨´æ´¢Ò»¸öÎı¾Îļþ£©ËùÕ¼ÓõĿռä×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÕâ¸öÎı¾Îļþ×Ô
Éí´óС5±¶µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣
ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£
¼ÙÉèÎı¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶ÈΪ20×Ö½Ú¡£Îı¾ÎļþÕ¼Óà 2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ
PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 MB:
32 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£©
24 ×Ö½Ú: Ò»¸öÕûÊýÐÍ×ֶκÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÐÍ×Ö¶Î
+ 4 ×Ö½Ú: Ò³ÃæÄÚÖ¸ÏòÔª×éµÄÖ¸Õë
----------------------------------------
60 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ
PostgreSQL Êý¾ÝÒ³µÄ´óСÊÇ 8192 ×Ö½Ú (8 KB)£¬Ôò£º
8192 ×Ö½Úÿҳ
------------------- = 136 ÐÐ/Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÏÂÈ¡Õû£©
60 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ
100000 Êý¾ÝÐÐ
-------------------- = 735 Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÉÏÈ¡Õû£©
128 ÐÐÿҳ
735 Êý¾ÝÒ³ * 8192 ×Ö½Ú/Ò³ = 6,021,120 ×Ö½Ú£¨6 MB£©
Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄܺÜ
´ó¡£
¿ÕÖµNULL´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣
4.6)ΪʲôÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÕâЩ²éѯûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý£¿
²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻ
»áÑ¡ÖбíÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄ¼Ç¼ʱ²Å»á²ÉÓÃË÷Òý¡£
ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡¿ÉÄܱÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£
ΪÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL±ØÐë»ñµÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔ
ʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE »ñµÃ¡£
ʹÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£
ͳ¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦
¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ¼ÆÖµµÄ¸üÐÂÊÕ¼¯¡£
Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY
»òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃè
Òª¿ì¡£
µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾
³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪÕâÖ»»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£ ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN()
²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT
ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº
SELECT col
FROM tab
ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
LIMIT 1;
Èç¹ûÄãÈ·ÐÅPostgreSQLµÄÓÅ»¯Æ÷ʹÓÃ˳ÐòɨÃèÊDz»ÕýÈ·µÄ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃSET
enable_seqscan TO 'off'Ö¸Á
È»ºóÔÙ´ÎÔËÐвéѯ£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öʹÓÃÒ»¸öË÷ÒýɨÃèÊÇ·ñȷʵҪ¿ìһЩ¡£
µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓãº
* ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º
+ LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
+ ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
* ×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£
* ´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.8
½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£
* ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C
locale£¬ÒòΪϵͳ²»¿ÉÄÜÖªµÀÔÚ·ÇC localeÇé¿öʱÏÂÒ»¸ö×î´ó×Ö·ûÊÇʲô¡£
ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸öÌØÊâµÄtext_pattern_opsË÷ÒýÀ´ÓÃÓÚLIKEµÄ
Ë÷Òý¡£
ÔÚ8.0֮ǰµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬³ý·ÇÒª²éѯµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐͺÍË÷ÒýµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍÏàÆ¥Å䣬·ñÔòË÷Ò
ý¾³£ÊÇδ±»Óõ½£¬ÌرðÊǶÔint2,int8ºÍÊýÖµÐ͵ÄË÷Òý¡£
4.7)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑùÆÀ¹À´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯ£¿
²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£
4.8)ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóÐ
¡Ð´Î޹زéÕÒ£¿
²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~*
´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£
´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º
SELECT *
FROM tab
WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý:
CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
4.9)ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL
£¿ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ׼ȷÅÅÐò¶ø²»ÂÛij×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñº¬ NULL Öµ£¿
Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΣ¬¾ßÌå·½·¨ÈçÏ£º
SELECT *
FROM tab
WHERE col IS NULL;
ΪÁËÄܶԺ¬ NULL×Ö¶ÎÅÅÐò£¬¿ÉÔÚ ORDER BY Ìõ¼þÖÐʹÓà IS NULLºÍ IS NOT
NULL ÐÞÊηû£¬Ìõ¼þΪÕæ true ½«±ÈÌõ¼þΪ¼Ùfalse
ÅÅÔÚÇ°Ã棬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ӾͻὫº¬ NULL µÄ¼Ç¼ÅÅÔÚ½á¹ûµÄÉÏÃ沿·Ö£º
SELECT *
FROM tab
ORDER BY (col IS NOT NULL)
4.10)¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿
ÀàÐÍ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ ˵Ã÷
VARCHAR(n) varchar
Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
CHAR(n) bpchar ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
TEXT text ûÓÐÌرðµÄÉÏÏÞÏÞÖÆ£¨½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ£©
BYTEA bytea ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨Ê¹ÓÃNULLÒ²ÊÇÔÊÐíµÄ£©
"char" char Ò»¸ö×Ö·û
ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£
ÉÏÃæËùÁеÄÇ°ËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊ
dz¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£
È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐͶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST
ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅÌ¿Õ¼äÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£ TEXT
ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢×î´ó¿É´ï 1G×óÓÒµ«Î´¶¨ÒåÏÞÖƳ¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£
CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶ÈÏàͬµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£
CHAR(n)»á¸ù¾ÝËù¸ø¶¨µÄ×ֶ㤶ÈÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹×㣨²»×ãµÄ×Ö¶ÎÄÚÈÝ£©£¬ ¶ø
VARCHAR(n) Ö»´æ´¢Ëù¸ø¶¨µÄÊý¾ÝÄÚÈÝ¡£ BYTEA
ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ°üº¬ NULL
×Ö½ÚµÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÏàËƵÄÐÔÄÜÌØÐÔ¡£
4.11.1)ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿
PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL
Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磺
CREATE TABLE person (
id SERIAL,
name TEXT
);
»á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º
CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
CREATE TABLE person (
id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
name TEXT
);
²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£
4.11.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿
Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL
Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà 4.11.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º
new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person
±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£ ×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ
<table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn
·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£
ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ
SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磺
execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
4.11.3)ʹÓà currval() »áµ¼ÖºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄ³åÍ»Çé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿
²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØµÄÊÇÄã±¾´Î»á»°½ø³ÌËù¸³µÄÖµ¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§µÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
4.11.4)Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ
¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ®
Ç°²»½øÐÐËø¶¨£¬ Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹µÄÊÂÎñºó£¬ÐòÁкŻá³öÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
4.12)ʲôÊÇ OID £¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ CTID £¿
PostgreSQL
Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐмǼ¶¼»á»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄOID£¬³ý·ÇÔÚ´´½¨±íʱʹÓÃWITHOUT
OIDSÑ¡Ïî¡£ OID´´½¨Ê±»á×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÒ»¸ö4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý£¬ËùÓÐ OID ÔÚÕû¸ö
PostgreSQL ÖоùÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ È»¶ø£¬ËüÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö£¬
OID´Ëºó»á³öÏÖÖظ´¡£PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID
ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£
ÔÚÓû§µÄÊý¾Ý±íÖУ¬×îºÃÊÇʹÓÃSERIAlÀ´´úÌæOID
ÒòΪSERIALÖ»ÊDZ£Ö¤ÔÚµ¥¸ö±íÖÐÊý¾ÝÊÇΨһµÄ£¬ÕâÑùËüÒç³öµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԾͷdz£Ð¡ÁË
£¬ SERIAL8¿ÉÓÃÀ´±£´æ8×Ö½ÚµÄÐòÁкÅ×ֶΡ£
CTID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£ CTID
ÔڼǼ±»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£
4.13)ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô
¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ
ulimit -d 262144
limit datasize 256m
È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓõÄ
shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£
¬
Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐкó
´´½¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐп
Í»§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£
4.14)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿
´Ó psql ÀÊäÈë SELECT version();Ö¸Áî¡£
4.15)ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿
ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º
CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
4.16)ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º
SELECT *
FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
»òÊÇ
SELECT *
FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µ»Ø t1
ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER
JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1
ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ ¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER
ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÆΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó
£¨INNER JOIN£©¡£
4.17)ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿
ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ ÒòΪ PostgreSQL
Òª¼ÓÔØÓëÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬Òò´Ë¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐÊDz»
¶¨µÄ¡£
¸½¼ÓÔöֵģ¿écontrib/dblinkÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»Óû§Ò²¿ÉÒÔ
ͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿âÖ´ÐвéѯȻºóÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£
4.18)ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿
ÔÚº¯ÊýÖзµ»ØÊý¾Ý¼Ç¼¼¯µÄ¹¦ÄÜÊǺÜÈÝÒ×ʹÓõģ¬ÏêÇé²Î¼û£º
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions
4.19)ΪʲôÎÒÔÚʹÓÃPL/PgSQLº¯Êý´æÈ¡ÁÙʱ±íʱ»áÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°relation with
OID ##### does not exist¡±£¿
PL/PgSQL»á»º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL
º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬
ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL
ÖÐÓÃEXECUTE ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐÇ°×ܻᱻÖØнâÎö¡£
4.27)Ä¿Ç°ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸¿ÉÓã¿
¡°¸´ÖÆ¡±Ö»ÊÇÒ»¸öÊõÓÓкü¸ÖÖ¸´ÖƼ¼Êõ¿ÉʹÓã¬Ã¿ÖÖ¶¼ÓÐÓŵãºÍȱµã£º
Ö÷/´Ó¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ÊÇÔÊÐíÒ»¸öÖ÷·þÎñÆ÷½ÓÊܶÁ/дµÄÉêÇ룬¶ø¶à¸ö´Ó·þÎñÆ÷Ö»ÄܽÓÊÜ
¶Á/SELECT²éѯµÄÉêÇ룬 Ä¿Ç°×îÁ÷ÐÐÇÒÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄÖ÷/´Ó PostgreSQL¸´ÖÆ·½°¸ÊÇ
Slony-I ¡£
¶à¸öÖ÷·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ÔÊÐí½«¶Á/дµÄÉêÇë·¢Ë͸ø¶ą̀µÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½ÓÉÓ
ÚÐèÒªÔÚ¶ą̀·þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼äͬ²½Êý¾Ý±ä¶¯
¿ÉÄÜ»á´øÀ´½ÏÑÏÖصÄÐÔÄÜËðʧ£¬PgclusterÊÇÄ¿Ç°ÕâÖÖ·½°¸
ÖÐ×îºÃµÄ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹¿ÉÒÔÃâ·ÑÏÂÔØ¡£
Ò²ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐ踶·ÑºÍ»ùÓÚÓ²¼þµÄÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸£¬Ö§³ÖÉÏÊö¸÷ÖÖ¸´ÖÆÄ£ÐÍ¡£
|
