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2025-03-26Move GSSAPI includes into its own headerDaniel Gustafsson
Due to a conflict in macro names on Windows between <wincrypt.h> and <openssl/ssl.h> these headers need to be included using a predictable pattern with an undef to handle that. The GSSAPI header <gssapi.h> does include <wincrypt.h> which cause problems with compiling PostgreSQL using MSVC when OpenSSL and GSSAPI are both enabled in the tree. Rather than fixing piecemeal for each file including gssapi headers, move the the includes and undef to a new file which should be used to centralize the logic. This patch is a reworked version of a patch by Imran Zaheer proposed earlier in the thread. Once this has proven effective in master we should look at backporting this as the problem exist at least since v16. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Co-authored-by: Imran Zaheer <imran.zhir@gmail.com> Reported-by: Dave Page <dpage@pgadmin.org> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20240708173204.3f3xjilglx5wuzx6@awork3.anarazel.de
2025-03-26dblink: SCRAM authentication pass-throughPeter Eisentraut
This enables SCRAM authentication for dblink (using dblink_fdw) when connecting to a foreign server without having to store a plain-text password on user mapping options This uses the same approach as it was implemented for postgres_fdw in commit 761c79508e7. (It also contains the equivalent of the subsequent fixes 76563f88cfb and d2028e9bbc1.) Author: Matheus Alcantara <mths.dev@pm.me> Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFY6G8ercA1KES%3DE_0__R9QCTR805TTyYr1No8qF8ZxmMg8z2Q%40mail.gmail.com
2025-03-26Use relation name instead of OID in query jumbling for RangeTblEntryMichael Paquier
custom_query_jumble (introduced in 5ac462e2b7ac as a node field attribute) is now assigned to the expanded reference name "eref" of RangeTblEntry, adding in the query jumble computation the non-qualified aliased relation name, without the list of column names. The relation OID is removed from the query jumbling. The effects of this change can be seen in the tests added by 3430215fe35f, where pg_stat_statements (PGSS) entries are now grouped using the relation name, ignoring the relation search_path may point at. For example, these two relations are different, but are now grouped in a single PGSS entry as they are assigned the same query ID: CREATE TABLE foo1.tab (a int); CREATE TABLE foo2.tab (b int); SET search_path = 'foo1'; SELECT count(*) FROM tab; SET search_path = 'foo2'; SELECT count(*) FROM tab; SELECT count(*) FROM foo1.tab; SELECT count(*) FROM foo2.tab; SELECT query, calls FROM pg_stat_statements WHERE query ~ 'FROM tab'; query | calls --------------------------+------- SELECT count(*) FROM tab | 4 (1 row) It is still possible to use an alias in the FROM clause to split these. This behavior is useful for relations re-created with the same name, where queries based on such relations would be grouped in the same PGSS entry. For permanent schemas, it should not really matter in practice. The main benefit is for workloads that use a lot of temporary relations, which are usually re-created with the same name continuously. These can be a heavy source of bloat in PGSS depending on the workload. Such entries can now be grouped together, improving the user experience. The original idea from Christoph Berg used catalog lookups to find temporary relations, something that the query jumble has never done, and it could cause some performance regressions. The idea to use RangeTblEntry.eref and the relation name, applying the same rules for all relations, temporary and not temporary, has been proposed by Tom Lane. The documentation additions have been suggested by Sami Imseih. Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Co-authored-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z9iWXKGwkm8RAC93@msg.df7cb.de
2025-03-26postgres_fdw: Fix tests on some Windows variantsPeter Eisentraut
The tests introduced by commit 76563f88cfb only work when Unix-domain sockets are available. This is optional on Windows, and buildfarm member drongo runs without them. To fix, skip the test if Unix-domain sockets are not enabled.
2025-03-25pg_stat_statements: Add more tests with temp tables and namespacesMichael Paquier
These tests provide coverage for RangeTblEntry and how query jumbling works with search_path, as well as the case where relations are re-created, generating a different query ID as the relation OID is used in the computation. A patch is under discussion to switch to a different approach based on the relation name, and there was no test coverage for this area, including how queries are currently grouped with search_path. This is useful to track how the situation changes between HEAD and any patches proposed. Christoph has proposed the test with ON COMMIT DROP temporary tables, and I have written the second part. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z9iWXKGwkm8RAC93@msg.df7cb.de
2025-03-25postgres_fdw: Remove redundant check in semijoin_target_ok()Alexander Korotkov
If a var belongs to the innerrel of the joinrel, it's not possible that it belongs to the outerrel. This commit removes the redundant check from the if-clause but keeps it as an assertion. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAHewXN=8aW4hd_W71F7Ua4+_w0=bppuvvTEBFBF6G0NuSXLwUw@mail.gmail.com Author: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Pyhalov <a.yhalov@postgrespro.ru> Backpatch-through: 17
2025-03-25postgres_fdw: Avoid pulling up restrict infos from subqueriesAlexander Korotkov
Semi-join joins below left/right join are deparsed as subqueries. Thus, we can't refer to subqueries vars from upper relations. This commit avoids pulling conditions from them. Reported-by: Robins Tharakan <tharakan@gmail.com> Bug: #18852 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEP4nAzryLd3gwcUpFBAG9MWyDfMRX8ZjuyY2XXjyC_C6k%2B_Zw%40mail.gmail.com Author: Alexander Pyhalov <a.pyhalov@postgrespro.ru> Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 17
2025-03-24postgres_fdw: improve security checksPeter Eisentraut
SCRAM pass-through should not bypass the FDW security check as it was implemented for postgres_fdw in commit 761c79508e7. This commit improves the security check by adding new SCRAM pass-through checks to ensure that the required SCRAM connection options are not overwritten by the user mapping or foreign server options. This is meant to match the security requirements for a password-using connection. Since libpq has no SCRAM-specific equivalent of PQconnectionUsedPassword(), we enforce this instead by making the use_scram_passthrough option of postgres_fdw imply require_auth=scram-sha-256. This means that if use_scram_passthrough is set, some situations that might otherwise have worked are preempted, for example GSSAPI with delegated credentials. This could be enhanced in the future if there is desire for more flexibility. Reported-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com> Author: Matheus Alcantara <mths.dev@pm.me> Co-authored-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAFY6G8ercA1KES%3DE_0__R9QCTR805TTyYr1No8qF8ZxmMg8z2Q%40mail.gmail.com
2025-03-20Revert workarounds for -Wmissing-braces false positives on old GCCPeter Eisentraut
We have collected several instances of a workaround for GCC bug 53119, which caused false-positive compiler warnings. This bug has long been fixed, but was still seen on the buildfarm, most recently on lapwing with gcc (Debian 4.7.2-5). (The GCC bug tracker mentions that a fix was backported to 4.7.4 and 4.8.3.) That compiler no longer runs warning-free since commit 6fdd5d95634, so we don't need to keep these workarounds. And furthermore, the consensus appears to be that we don't want to keep supporting that era of platform anymore at all. This reverts the following commits: d937904cce6a3d82e4f9c2127de7b59105a134b3 506428d091760650971433f6bc083531c307b368 b449afb582bb9015bfbb85abc10ce122aef9ec70 6392f2a0968c20ecde4d27b6652703ad931fce92 bad0763a4d7be3005eae35d460c73ac4bc7ebaad 5e0c761d0a13c7b4f7c5de618ac38560d74d74d0 and makes a few similar fixes to newer code. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/e170d61f-01ab-4cf9-ab68-91cd1fac62c5%40eisentraut.org Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA%2BTgmoYEAm-KKZibAP3hSqbTFTjUd47XtVcf3xSFDpyecXX9uQ%40mail.gmail.com
2025-03-18Introduce squashing of constant lists in query jumblingÁlvaro Herrera
pg_stat_statements produces multiple entries for queries like SELECT something FROM table WHERE col IN (1, 2, 3, ...) depending on the number of parameters, because every element of ArrayExpr is individually jumbled. Most of the time that's undesirable, especially if the list becomes too large. Fix this by introducing a new GUC query_id_squash_values which modifies the node jumbling code to only consider the first and last element of a list of constants, rather than each list element individually. This affects both the query_id generated by query jumbling, as well as pg_stat_statements query normalization so that it suppresses printing of the individual elements of such a list. The default value is off, meaning the previous behavior is maintained. Author: Dmitry Dolgov <9erthalion6@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sergey Dudoladov (mysterious, off-list) Reviewed-by: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Marcos Pegoraro <marcos@f10.com.br> Reviewed-by: Julien Rouhaud <rjuju123@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Zhihong Yu <zyu@yugabyte.com> Tested-by: Yasuo Honda <yasuo.honda@gmail.com> Tested-by: Sergei Kornilov <sk@zsrv.org> Tested-by: Maciek Sakrejda <m.sakrejda@gmail.com> Tested-by: Chengxi Sun <sunchengxi@highgo.com> Tested-by: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+q6zcWtUbT_Sxj0V6HY6EZ89uv5wuG5aefpe_9n0Jr3VwntFg@mail.gmail.com
2025-03-18Make it possible for loadable modules to add EXPLAIN options.Robert Haas
Modules can use RegisterExtensionExplainOption to register new EXPLAIN options, and GetExplainExtensionId, GetExplainExtensionState, and SetExplainExtensionState to store related state inside the ExplainState object. Since this substantially increases the amount of code that needs to handle ExplainState-related tasks, move a few bits of existing code to a new file explain_state.c and add the rest of this infrastructure there. See the comments at the top of explain_state.c for further explanation of how this mechanism works. This does not yet provide a way for such such options to do anything useful. The intention is that we'll add hooks for that purpose in a separate commit. Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoYSzg58hPuBmei46o8D3SKX+SZoO4K_aGQGwiRzvRApLg@mail.gmail.com Reviewed-by: Srinath Reddy <srinath2133@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <lepihov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com>
2025-03-17Fix inconsistent quoting for some options in TAP testsMichael Paquier
This commit addresses some inconsistencies with how the options of some routines from PostgreSQL/Test/ are written, mainly for init() and init_from_backup() in Cluster.pm. These are written as unquoted, except in the locations updated here. Changes extracted from a larger patch by the same author. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87jz8rzf3h.fsf@wibble.ilmari.org
2025-03-17Apply more consistent style for command options in TAP testsMichael Paquier
This commit reshapes the grammar of some commands to apply a more consistent style across the board, following rules similar to ce1b0f9da03e: - Elimination of some pointless used-once variables. - Use of long options, to self-document better the options used. - Use of fat commas to link option names and their assigned values, including redirections, so as perltidy can be tricked to put them together. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87jz8rzf3h.fsf@wibble.ilmari.org
2025-03-16contrib/isn: Make weak mode a GUC setting, and fix related functions.Tom Lane
isn's weak mode used to be a simple static variable, settable only via the isn_weak(boolean) function. This wasn't optimal, as this means it doesn't respect transactions nor respond to RESET ALL. This patch makes isn.weak a GUC parameter instead, so that it acts like any other user-settable parameter. The isn_weak() functions are retained for backwards compatibility. But we must fix their volatility markings: they were marked IMMUTABLE which is surely incorrect, and PARALLEL RESTRICTED which isn't right for GUC-related functions either. Mark isn_weak(boolean) as VOLATILE and PARALLEL UNSAFE, matching set_config(). Mark isn_weak() as STABLE and PARALLEL SAFE, matching current_setting(). Reported-by: Viktor Holmberg <v@viktorh.net> Diagnosed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Author: Viktor Holmberg <v@viktorh.net> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/790bc1f9-74dc-4b50-94d2-8147315b1556@Spark
2025-03-13pg_noreturn to replace pg_attribute_noreturn()Peter Eisentraut
We want to support a "noreturn" decoration on more compilers besides just GCC-compatible ones, but for that we need to move the decoration in front of the function declaration instead of either behind it or wherever, which is the current style afforded by GCC-style attributes. Also rename the macro to "pg_noreturn" to be similar to the C11 standard "noreturn". pg_noreturn is now supported on all compilers that support C11 (using _Noreturn), as well as GCC-compatible ones (using __attribute__, as before), as well as MSVC (using __declspec). (When PostgreSQL requires C11, the latter two variants can be dropped.) Now, all supported compilers effectively support pg_noreturn, so the extra code for !HAVE_PG_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN can be dropped. This also fixes a possible problem if third-party code includes stdnoreturn.h, because then the current definition of #define pg_attribute_noreturn() __attribute__((noreturn)) would cause an error. Note that the C standard does not support a noreturn attribute on function pointer types. So we have to drop these here. There are only two instances at this time, so it's not a big loss. In one case, we can make up for it by adding the pg_noreturn to a wrapper function and adding a pg_unreachable(), in the other case, the latter was already done before. Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/pxr5b3z7jmkpenssra5zroxi7qzzp6eswuggokw64axmdixpnk@zbwxuq7gbbcw
2025-03-12Fix indentation issueDavid Rowley
Introduced recently by 9e088f7dd Per buildfarm member koel
2025-03-12Fix compiler warning in pg_logicalinspect.Masahiko Sawada
Oversight in bd65cb3cd48. Reported-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reported-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvqrhFfnetbcwgGkJ=z63T8HfQ_OyP=vX8BYiXyxFKt67w@mail.gmail.com
2025-03-11pg_logicalinspect: Fix possible crash when passing a directory path.Masahiko Sawada
Previously, pg_logicalinspect functions were too trusting of their input and blindly passed it to SnapBuildRestoreSnapshot(). If the input pointed to a directory, the server could a PANIC error while attempting to fsync_fname() with isdir=false on a directory. This commit adds validation checks for input filenames and passes the LSN extracted from the filename to SnapBuildRestoreSnapshot() instead of the filename itself. It also adds regression tests for various input patterns and permission checks. Bug: #18828 Reported-by: Robins Tharakan <tharakan@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18828-0f4701c635064211@postgresql.org
2025-03-11pg_logicalinspect: Stabilize isolation tests.Masahiko Sawada
The previous isolation tests did not account for the possibility that the background writer or the checkpointer could write a RUNNING_XACTS record, which could cause logical decoding to produce more logical snapshots than expected. This commit modifies the isolation tests to verify that at least one logical snapshot contains the expected number of committed or ongoing catalog-change transactions. Per buildfarm member skink. Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5qbxud4pvnvmtuoi7weiizm5hmumxaeohx4vztfhrwlfhyz6rj@buh4435mllwo
2025-03-11Improve EXPLAIN's display of window functions.Tom Lane
Up to now we just punted on showing the window definitions used in a plan, with window function calls represented as "OVER (?)". To improve that, show the window definition implemented by each WindowAgg plan node, and reference their window names in OVER. For nameless window clauses generated by "OVER (...)", assign unique names w1, w2, etc. In passing, re-order the properties shown for a WindowAgg node so that the Run Condition (if any) appears after the Window property and before the Filter (if any). This seems more sensible since the Run Condition is associated with the Window and acts before the Filter. Thanks to David G. Johnston and Álvaro Herrera for design suggestions. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/144530.1741469955@sss.pgh.pa.us
2025-03-11nbtree: Make BTMaxItemSize into object-like macro.Peter Geoghegan
Make nbtree's "1/3 of a page limit" BTMaxItemSize function-like macro (which accepts a "page" argument) into an object-like macro that can be used from code that doesn't have convenient access to an nbtree page. Preparation for an upcoming patch that adds skip scan to nbtree. Parallel index scans that use skip scan will serialize datums (not just SAOP array subscripts) when scheduling primitive scans. BTMaxItemSize will be used by btestimateparallelscan to determine how much DSM to request. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wz=H_RG5weNGeUG_TkK87tRBnH9mGCQj6WpM4V4FNWKv2g@mail.gmail.com
2025-03-11Show index search count in EXPLAIN ANALYZE, take 2.Peter Geoghegan
Expose the count of index searches/index descents in EXPLAIN ANALYZE's output for index scan/index-only scan/bitmap index scan nodes. This information is particularly useful with scans that use ScalarArrayOp quals, where the number of index searches can be unpredictable due to implementation details that interact with physical index characteristics (at least with nbtree SAOP scans, since Postgres 17 commit 5bf748b8). The information shown also provides useful context when EXPLAIN ANALYZE runs a plan with an index scan node that successfully applied the skip scan optimization (set to be added to nbtree by an upcoming patch). The instrumentation works by teaching all index AMs to increment a new nsearches counter whenever a new index search begins. The counter is incremented at exactly the same point that index AMs already increment the pg_stat_*_indexes.idx_scan counter (we're counting the same event, but at the scan level rather than the relation level). Parallel queries have workers copy their local counter struct into shared memory when an index scan node ends -- even when it isn't a parallel aware scan node. An earlier version of this patch that only worked with parallel aware scans became commit 5ead85fb (though that was quickly reverted by commit d00107cd following "debug_parallel_query=regress" buildfarm failures). Our approach doesn't match the approach used when tracking other index scan related costs (e.g., "Rows Removed by Filter:"). It is comparable to the approach used in similar cases involving costs that are only readily accessible inside an access method, not from the executor proper (e.g., "Heap Blocks:" output for a Bitmap Heap Scan, which was recently enhanced to show per-worker costs by commit 5a1e6df3, using essentially the same scheme as the one used here). It is necessary for index AMs to have direct responsibility for maintaining the new counter, since the counter might need to be incremented multiple times per amgettuple call (or per amgetbitmap call). But it is also necessary for the executor proper to manage the shared memory now used to transfer each worker's counter struct to the leader. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reviewed-By: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reviewed-By: Masahiro Ikeda <ikedamsh@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-By: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkRqvaqR2CTNqTZP0z6FuL4-3ED6eQB0yx38XBNj1v-4Q@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wz=PKR6rB7qbx+Vnd7eqeB5VTcrW=iJvAsTsKbdG+kW_UA@mail.gmail.com
2025-03-07Rename amcancrosscomparePeter Eisentraut
After more discussion about commit ce62f2f2a0a, rename the index AM property amcancrosscompare to two separate properties amconsistentequality and amconsistentordering. Also improve the documentation and update some comments that were previously missed. Reported-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E1tngY6-0000UL-2n%40gemulon.postgresql.org
2025-03-05Revert "Show index search count in EXPLAIN ANALYZE."Peter Geoghegan
This reverts commit 5ead85fbc81162ab1594f656b036a22e814f96b3. This commit shows test failures with debug_parallel_query=regress. The underlying issue needs to be debugged, so revert for now.
2025-03-05Show index search count in EXPLAIN ANALYZE.Peter Geoghegan
Expose the count of index searches/index descents in EXPLAIN ANALYZE's output for index scan nodes. This information is particularly useful with scans that use ScalarArrayOp quals, where the number of index scans isn't predictable in advance (at least not with optimizations like the one added to nbtree by Postgres 17 commit 5bf748b8). It will also be useful when EXPLAIN ANALYZE shows details of an nbtree index scan that uses skip scan optimizations set to be introduced by an upcoming patch. The instrumentation works by teaching index AMs to increment a new nsearches counter whenever a new index search begins. The counter is incremented at exactly the same point that index AMs must already increment the index's pg_stat_*_indexes.idx_scan counter (we're counting the same event, but at the scan level rather than the relation level). The new counter is stored in the scan descriptor (IndexScanDescData), which explain.c reaches by going through the scan node's PlanState. This approach doesn't match the approach used when tracking other index scan specific costs (e.g., "Rows Removed by Filter:"). It is similar to the approach used in other cases where we must track costs that are only readily accessible inside an access method, and not from the executor (e.g., "Heap Blocks:" output for a Bitmap Heap Scan). It is inherently necessary to maintain a counter that can be incremented multiple times during a single amgettuple call (or amgetbitmap call), and directly exposing PlanState.instrument to index access methods seems unappealing. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reviewed-By: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reviewed-By: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: Masahiro Ikeda <ikedamsh@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-By: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wz=PKR6rB7qbx+Vnd7eqeB5VTcrW=iJvAsTsKbdG+kW_UA@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkRqvaqR2CTNqTZP0z6FuL4-3ED6eQB0yx38XBNj1v-4Q@mail.gmail.com
2025-03-02postgres_fdw: Extend postgres_fdw_get_connections to return remote backend PID.Fujii Masao
This commit adds a new "remote_backend_pid" output column to the postgres_fdw_get_connections function. It returns the process ID of the remote backend, on the foreign server, handling the connection. This enhancement is useful for troubleshooting, monitoring, and reporting. For example, if a connection is unexpectedly closed by the foreign server, the remote backend's PID can help diagnose the cause. No extension version bump is needed, as commit c297a47c5f already handled it for v18~. Author: Sagar Dilip Shedge <sagar.shedge92@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPhYifF25q5xUQWXETfKwhc0YVa_6+tfG9Kw4bCvCjpCWxYs2A@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-28Adjust auto_explain's GUC descriptions.Nathan Bossart
This commit adjusts auto_explain's GUC descriptions to follow the style guidelines established by commit 977d865c36. Specifically, it ensures the accepted special values are listed in a consistent manner. Author: Ilia Evdokimov <ilya.evdokimov@tantorlabs.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e82d4647-ce7f-45c7-9b01-fb900a050767%40tantorlabs.com
2025-02-27Create explain_format.c and move relevant code there.Robert Haas
explain.c has grown rather large, so move various functions that are principally concerned with output generation to a new source file, explain_format.c, instead of lumping them in with everything else that is part of explain.c Reviewed-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoYutMw1Jgo8BWUmB3TqnOhsEAJiYO=rOQufF4gPLWmkLQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-27EXPLAIN: Always use two fractional digits for row counts.Robert Haas
Commit ddb17e387aa28d61521227377b00f997756b8a27 attempted to avoid confusing users by displaying digits after the decimal point only when nloops > 1, since it's impossible to have a fraction row count after a single iteration. However, this made the regression tests unstable since parallal queries will have nloops>1 for all nodes below the Gather or Gather Merge in normal cases, but if the workers don't start in time and the leader finishes all the work, they will suddenly have nloops==1, making it unpredictable whether the digits after the decimal point would be displayed or not. Although 44cbba9a7f51a3888d5087fc94b23614ba2b81f2 seemed to fix the immediate failures, it may still be the case that there are lower-probability failures elsewhere in the regression tests. Various fixes are possible here. For example, it has previously been proposed that we should try to display the digits after the decimal point only if rows/nloops is an integer, but currently rows is storead as a float so it's not theoretically an exact quantity -- precision could be lost in extreme cases. It has also been proposed that we should try to display the digits after the decimal point only if we're under some sort of construct that could potentially cause looping regardless of whether it actually does. While such ideas are not without merit, this patch adopts the much simpler solution of always display two decimal digits. If that approach stands up to scrutiny from the buildfarm and human users, it spares us the trouble of doing anything more complex; if not, we can reassess. This commit incidentally reverts 44cbba9a7f51a3888d5087fc94b23614ba2b81f2, which should no longer be needed. Author: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Author: Ilia Evdokimov <ilya.evdokimov@tantorlabs.com> Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoazzVHn8sFOMFAEwoqBTDxKT45D7mvkyeHgqtoD2cn58Q@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-27Generalize hash and ordering support in amapiPeter Eisentraut
Stop comparing access method OID values against HASH_AM_OID and BTREE_AM_OID, and instead check the IndexAmRoutine for an index to see if it advertises its ability to perform the necessary ordering, hashing, or cross-type comparing functionality. A field amcanorder already existed, this uses it more widely. Fields amcanhash and amcancrosscompare are added for the other purposes. Author: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
2025-02-21Fix an issue with index scan using pg_trgm due to char signedness on ↵Masahiko Sawada
different architectures. GIN and GiST indexes utilizing pg_trgm's opclasses store sorted trigrams within index tuples. When comparing and sorting each trigram, pg_trgm treats each character as a 'char[3]' type in C. However, the char type in C can be interpreted as either signed char or unsigned char, depending on the platform, if the signedness is not explicitly specified. Consequently, during replication between different CPU architectures, there was an issue where index scans on standby servers could not locate matching index tuples due to the differing treatment of character signedness. This change introduces comparison functions for trgm that explicitly handle signed char and unsigned char. The appropriate comparison function will be dynamically selected based on the character signedness stored in the control file. Therefore, upgraded clusters can utilize the indexes without rebuilding, provided the cluster upgrade occurs on platforms with the same character signedness as the original cluster initialization. The default char signedness information was introduced in 44fe30fdab6, so no backpatch. Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CB11ADBC-0C3F-4FE0-A678-666EE80CBB07%40amazon.com
2025-02-21Drop opcintype from index AM strategy translation APIPeter Eisentraut
The type argument wasn't actually really necessary. It was a remnant of converting the API of the gist strategy translation from using opclass to using opfamily+opcintype (commits c09e5a6a016, 622f678c102). For looking up the gist translation function, we used the convention "amproclefttype = amprocrighttype = opclass's opcintype" (see pg_amproc.h). But each operator family should only have one translation function, and getting the right type for the lookup is sometimes cumbersome and fragile, so this is all unnecessarily complicated. To simplify this, change the gist stategy support procedure to take "any", "any" as argument. (This is arbitrary but seems intuitive. The alternative of using InvalidOid as argument(s) upsets various DDL commands, so it's not practical.) Then we don't need opcintype for the lookup, and we can remove it from all the API layers introduced by commit c09e5a6a016. This also adds some more documentation about the correct signature of the gist support function and adds more checks in gistvalidate(). This was previously underspecified. (It relied implicitly on convention mentioned above.) Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
2025-02-20Remove various unnecessary (char *) castsPeter Eisentraut
Remove a number of (char *) casts that are unnecessary. Or in some cases, rewrite the code to make the purpose of the cast clearer. Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/fd1fcedb-3492-4fc8-9e3e-74b97f2db6c7%40eisentraut.org
2025-02-20Don't lock partitions pruned by initial pruningAmit Langote
Before executing a cached generic plan, AcquireExecutorLocks() in plancache.c locks all relations in a plan's range table to ensure the plan is safe for execution. However, this locks runtime-prunable relations that will later be pruned during "initial" runtime pruning, introducing unnecessary overhead. This commit defers locking for such relations to executor startup and ensures that if the CachedPlan is invalidated due to concurrent DDL during this window, replanning is triggered. Deferring these locks avoids unnecessary locking overhead for pruned partitions, resulting in significant speedup, particularly when many partitions are pruned during initial runtime pruning. * Changes to locking when executing generic plans: AcquireExecutorLocks() now locks only unprunable relations, that is, those found in PlannedStmt.unprunableRelids (introduced in commit cbc127917e), to avoid locking runtime-prunable partitions unnecessarily. The remaining locks are taken by ExecDoInitialPruning(), which acquires them only for partitions that survive pruning. This deferral does not affect the locks required for permission checking in InitPlan(), which takes place before initial pruning. ExecCheckPermissions() now includes an Assert to verify that all relations undergoing permission checks, none of which can be in the set of runtime-prunable relations, are properly locked. * Plan invalidation handling: Deferring locks introduces a window where prunable relations may be altered by concurrent DDL, invalidating the plan. A new function, ExecutorStartCachedPlan(), wraps ExecutorStart() to detect and handle invalidation caused by deferred locking. If invalidation occurs, ExecutorStartCachedPlan() updates CachedPlan using the new UpdateCachedPlan() function and retries execution with the updated plan. To ensure all code paths that may be affected by this handle invalidation properly, all callers of ExecutorStart that may execute a PlannedStmt from a CachedPlan have been updated to use ExecutorStartCachedPlan() instead. UpdateCachedPlan() replaces stale plans in CachedPlan.stmt_list. A new CachedPlan.stmt_context, created as a child of CachedPlan.context, allows freeing old PlannedStmts while preserving the CachedPlan structure and its statement list. This ensures that loops over statements in upstream callers of ExecutorStartCachedPlan() remain intact. ExecutorStart() and ExecutorStart_hook implementations now return a boolean value indicating whether plan initialization succeeded with a valid PlanState tree in QueryDesc.planstate, or false otherwise, in which case QueryDesc.planstate is NULL. Hook implementations are required to call standard_ExecutorStart() at the beginning, and if it returns false, they should do the same without proceeding. * Testing: To verify these changes, the delay_execution module tests scenarios where cached plans become invalid due to changes in prunable relations after deferred locks. * Note to extension authors: ExecutorStart_hook implementations must verify plan validity after calling standard_ExecutorStart(), as explained earlier. For example: if (prev_ExecutorStart) plan_valid = prev_ExecutorStart(queryDesc, eflags); else plan_valid = standard_ExecutorStart(queryDesc, eflags); if (!plan_valid) return false; <extension-code> return true; Extensions accessing child relations, especially prunable partitions, via ExecGetRangeTableRelation() must now ensure their RT indexes are present in es_unpruned_relids (introduced in commit cbc127917e), or they will encounter an error. This is a strict requirement after this change, as only relations in that set are locked. The idea of deferring some locks to executor startup, allowing locks for prunable partitions to be skipped, was first proposed by Tom Lane. Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> (earlier versions) Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> (earlier versions) Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> (earlier versions) Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reviewed-by: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+HiwqFGkMSge6TgC9KQzde0ohpAycLQuV7ooitEEpbKB0O_mg@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-18Specialize intarray sortingJohn Naylor
There is at least one report in the field of storing millions of integers in arrays, so it seems like a good time to specialize intarray's qsort function. In doing so, streamline the comparators: Previously there were three, two for each direction for sorting and one passed to qunique_arg. To preserve the early exit in the case of descending input, pass the direction as an argument to the comparator. This requires giving up duplicate detection, which previously allowed skipping the qunique_arg() call. Testing showed no regressions this way. In passing, get rid of nearby checks that the input has at least two elements, since preserving them would make some macros less readable. These are not necessary for correctness, and seem like premature optimizations. Author: Andrey M. Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/098A3E67-E4A6-4086-9C66-B1EAEB1DFE1C@yandex-team.ru
2025-02-17pg_stat_statements: Add wal_buffers_fullMichael Paquier
wal_buffers_full tracks the number of times WAL buffers become full, giving hints to be able to tune the GUC wal_buffers. Up to now, this information was only available in pg_stat_wal. With this field available in WalUsage since eaf502747bac, exposing it in pg_stat_statements is straight-forward, and it offers more granularity at query level. pg_stat_statements does not need a version bump as one has been done in commit cf54a2c00254 for this development cycle. Author: Bertrand Drouvot Reviewed-by: Ilia Evdokimov Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z6SOha5YFFgvpwQY@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-02-14pgcrypto: Add support for CFB mode in AES encryptionDaniel Gustafsson
Cipher Feedback Mode, CFB, is a self-synchronizing stream cipher which is very similar to CBC performed in reverse. Since OpenSSL supports it, we can easily plug it into the existing cipher selection code without any need for infrastructure changes. This patch was simultaneously submitted by Umar Hayat and Vladyslav Nebozhyn, the latter whom suggested the feauture. The committed patch is Umar's version. Author: Umar Hayat <postgresql.wizard@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPBGcbxo9ASzq14VTpQp3mnUJ5omdgTWUJOvWV0L6nNigWE5jw@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-13Remove unnecessary (char *) casts [xlog]Peter Eisentraut
Remove (char *) casts no longer needed after XLogRegisterData() and XLogRegisterBufData() argument type change. Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/fd1fcedb-3492-4fc8-9e3e-74b97f2db6c7%40eisentraut.org
2025-02-13Skip logical decoding of already-aborted transactions.Masahiko Sawada
Previously, transaction aborts were detected concurrently only during system catalog scans while replaying a transaction in streaming mode. This commit adds an additional CLOG lookup to check the transaction status, allowing the logical decoding to skip changes also when it doesn't touch system catalogs, if the transaction is already aborted. This optimization enhances logical decoding performance, especially for large transactions that have already been rolled back, as it avoids unnecessary disk or network I/O. To avoid potential slowdowns caused by frequent CLOG lookups for small transactions (most of which commit), the CLOG lookup is performed only for large transactions before eviction. The performance benchmark results showed there is not noticeable performance regression due to CLOG lookups. Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila, Peter Smith, Vignesh C, Ajin Cherian Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar, Andres Freund Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDht9Pz_DFv_R2LqBTBbO4eGrpa9Vojmt5z5sEx3XwD7A@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-12Remove unnecessary (char *) casts [checksum]Peter Eisentraut
Remove some (char *) casts related to uses of the pg_checksum_page() function. These casts are useless, because everything involved already has the right type. Moreover, these casts actually silently discarded a const qualifier. The declaration of a higher-level function needs to be adjusted to fix that. Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/fd1fcedb-3492-4fc8-9e3e-74b97f2db6c7%40eisentraut.org
2025-02-12Remove unnecessary (char *) casts [mem]Peter Eisentraut
Remove (char *) casts around memory functions such as memcmp(), memcpy(), or memset() where the cast is useless. Since these functions don't take char * arguments anyway, these casts are at best complicated casts to (void *), about which see commit 7f798aca1d5. Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/fd1fcedb-3492-4fc8-9e3e-74b97f2db6c7%40eisentraut.org
2025-02-12Remove unnecessary (char *) casts [string]Peter Eisentraut
Remove (char *) casts around string functions where the arguments or result already have the right type and the cast is useless (or worse, potentially casts away a qualifier, but this doesn't appear to be the case here). Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/fd1fcedb-3492-4fc8-9e3e-74b97f2db6c7%40eisentraut.org
2025-02-11Add is_analyze parameter to vacuum_delay_point().Nathan Bossart
This function is used in both vacuum and analyze code paths, and a follow-up commit will require distinguishing between the two. This commit forces callers to specify whether they are in a vacuum or analyze path, but it does not use that information for anything yet. Author: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZmaXmWDL829fzAVX%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-02-07Virtual generated columnsPeter Eisentraut
This adds a new variant of generated columns that are computed on read (like a view, unlike the existing stored generated columns, which are computed on write, like a materialized view). The syntax for the column definition is ... GENERATED ALWAYS AS (...) VIRTUAL and VIRTUAL is also optional. VIRTUAL is the default rather than STORED to match various other SQL products. (The SQL standard makes no specification about this, but it also doesn't know about VIRTUAL or STORED.) (Also, virtual views are the default, rather than materialized views.) Virtual generated columns are stored in tuples as null values. (A very early version of this patch had the ambition to not store them at all. But so much stuff breaks or gets confused if you have tuples where a column in the middle is completely missing. This is a compromise, and it still saves space over being forced to use stored generated columns. If we ever find a way to improve this, a bit of pg_upgrade cleverness could allow for upgrades to a newer scheme.) The capabilities and restrictions of virtual generated columns are mostly the same as for stored generated columns. In some cases, this patch keeps virtual generated columns more restricted than they might technically need to be, to keep the two kinds consistent. Some of that could maybe be relaxed later after separate careful considerations. Some functionality that is currently not supported, but could possibly be added as incremental features, some easier than others: - index on or using a virtual column - hence also no unique constraints on virtual columns - extended statistics on virtual columns - foreign-key constraints on virtual columns - not-null constraints on virtual columns (check constraints are supported) - ALTER TABLE / DROP EXPRESSION - virtual column cannot have domain type - virtual columns are not supported in logical replication The tests in generated_virtual.sql have been copied over from generated_stored.sql with the keyword replaced. This way we can make sure the behavior is mostly aligned, and the differences can be visible. Some tests for currently not supported features are currently commented out. Reviewed-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com> Tested-by: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a368248e-69e4-40be-9c07-6c3b5880b0a6@eisentraut.org
2025-02-06Remove support for linking with libeay32 and ssleay32Daniel Gustafsson
The OpenSSL project stopped using the eay names back in 2016 on platforms other than Microsoft Windows, and version 1.1.0 removed the names from Windows as well. Since we now require OpenSSL 1.1.1 we can remove support for using the eay names from our tree as well. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3C445F8E-D43E-4970-9CD9-A54882197714@yesql.se Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHrt6656W9OnFomQTHBGYDcM5CKZ7hcgzFt8L+N0ezBZfcN3zA@mail.gmail.com
2025-02-06pgcrypto: Remove static storage class from variablesDaniel Gustafsson
Variables p, sp and ep were labeled with static storage class but are all assigned before use so they cannot carry any data across calls. Fix by removing the static label. Also while in there, make the magic variable const as it will never change. Author: Japin Li <japinli@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ME0P300MB0445096B67ACE8CE25772F00B6F72@ME0P300MB0445.AUSP300.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM
2025-02-04sepgsql: update TAP test to use fat comma stylePeter Eisentraut
Adopt the style introduced by commit ce1b0f9da03 to this new test file. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/87y0yv2har.fsf@wibble.ilmari.org
2025-02-02Convert strategies to and from compare typesPeter Eisentraut
For each Index AM, provide a mapping between operator strategies and the system-wide generic concept of a comparison type. For example, for btree, BTLessStrategyNumber maps to and from COMPARE_LT. Numerous places in the planner and executor think directly in terms of btree strategy numbers (and a few in terms of hash strategy numbers.) These should be converted over subsequent commits to think in terms of CompareType instead. (This commit doesn't make any use of this API yet.) Author: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
2025-02-02Move CompareType to separate header filePeter Eisentraut
We'll want to make use of it in more places, and we'd prefer to not have to include all of primnodes.h everywhere. Author: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
2025-02-01Add get_opfamily_name() functionPeter Eisentraut
This refactors and simplifies various existing code to make use of the new function. Reviewed-by: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com