Relax overly strict assertion

Ever since its birth, ReorderBufferBuildTupleCidHash() has contained an
assertion that a catalog tuple cannot change Cmax after acquiring one.  But
that's wrong: if a subtransaction executes DDL that affects that catalog
tuple, and later aborts and another DDL affects the same tuple, it will
change Cmax.  Relax the assertion to merely verify that the Cmax remains
valid and monotonically increasing, instead.

Add a test that tickles the relevant code.

Diagnosed by, and initial patch submitted by: Arseny Sher
Co-authored-by: Arseny Sher
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/874l9p8hyw.fsf@ars-thinkpad

3 files changed, 40 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out b/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
index bd9b42f4010..2690dbc47b6 100644
--- a/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
+++ b/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
@@ -405,6 +405,24 @@ SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'inc
  COMMIT
 (6 rows)
 
+-- check that DDL in aborted subtransactions handled correctly
+CREATE TABLE tr_sub_ddl(data int);
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE text;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES ('blah-blah');
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE bigint;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES(43);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
+                       data                       
+--------------------------------------------------
+ BEGIN
+ table public.tr_sub_ddl: INSERT: data[bigint]:43
+ COMMIT
+(3 rows)
+
 /*
  * Check whether treating a table as a catalog table works somewhat
  */
diff --git a/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql b/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
index e99b2d37d9e..2ee22dd8330 100644
--- a/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
+++ b/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
@@ -237,6 +237,19 @@ COMMIT;
 
 SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
 
+-- check that DDL in aborted subtransactions handled correctly
+CREATE TABLE tr_sub_ddl(data int);
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE text;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES ('blah-blah');
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE bigint;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES(43);
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
+
 
 /*
  * Check whether treating a table as a catalog table works somewhat
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index f6ea3154226..d147735ce74 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -1387,15 +1387,19 @@ ReorderBufferBuildTupleCidHash(ReorderBuffer *rb, ReorderBufferTXN *txn)
 		}
 		else
 		{
+			/*
+			 * Maybe we already saw this tuple before in this transaction,
+			 * but if so it must have the same cmin.
+			 */
 			Assert(ent->cmin == change->data.tuplecid.cmin);
-			Assert(ent->cmax == InvalidCommandId ||
-				   ent->cmax == change->data.tuplecid.cmax);
 
 			/*
-			 * if the tuple got valid in this transaction and now got deleted
-			 * we already have a valid cmin stored. The cmax will be
-			 * InvalidCommandId though.
+			 * cmax may be initially invalid, but once set it can only grow,
+			 * and never become invalid again.
 			 */
+			Assert((ent->cmax == InvalidCommandId) ||
+				   ((change->data.tuplecid.cmax != InvalidCommandId) &&
+					(change->data.tuplecid.cmax > ent->cmax)));
 			ent->cmax = change->data.tuplecid.cmax;
 		}
 	}