C++ Arithmetic Operators

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Arithmetic Operators in C++ are used to perform arithmetic or mathematical operations on the operands (generally numeric values). An operand can be a variable or a value. For example, ‘+’ is used for addition, '-' is used for subtraction, '*' is used for multiplication, etc. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    // Adding two integers using operator '+'
    int sum = 10 + 20;
  	int diff = 20 - 10;

    cout << sum << endl;
  	cout << diff;
    return 0;
}

30
10

Explanation: In the above code, the + operator is used to calculate the sum of two values 10 and 20. It returned the sum which was then stored in the variable res and printed.

In C++, there are a total of 7 Arithmetic Operators as shown in the below table

Addition (+) Operator

The addition operator (+) is used to add two operands means it is a binary operator. This operator works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 10;
  
  	// Adding two integers a nd b
    int res = a + b;  
    cout << res;
    return 0;
}

15

2. Subtraction Operator (-)

The subtraction operator (-) is used to subtract one operand from another. It is also a binary operator and works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 15, b = 5;
  
  	// Subtracting two integers a and b
    int res = a - b;
    cout << res;
    return 0;
}

10

3. Multiplication Operator (*)

The multiplication operator (*) is used to multiply two operands. It is also a binary operator and works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 4, b = 3;
  
  	// Multiplying two integers
    int res = a * b;
    cout << res ;
    return 0;
}

12

4. Division Operator (/)

The division operator (/) is used to divide one operand by another. The result of integer division will be an integer, discarding the remainder. For floating-point division, the result is a floating-point value. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 2;
  
  	// Dividing two integers
    int res1 = a / b;
    cout << res1 << endl;

    double x = 10.0, y = 3.0;
  
  	// Floating-point division
    double res2 = x / y;
    cout << res2;
    
    return 0;
}

5
3.33333

5. Modulus Operator (%)

The modulus operator (%) is used to find the remainder when one number is divided by another. This operator only works with integers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 3;
  
  	// Finding the remainder
    int res = a % b;
    cout << res ;
    return 0;
}

1

6. Increment Operator (++)

The increment operator (++) is used to add 1 to the given operand. It is a binary operator that works only on single operand. It works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10;
  
  	// Add 1 to a
    a++;  // It can also be written as ++a
    cout << a ;
    return 0;
}

11

The increment operator can also be written before the operand. e.g. ++a. It is called preincrement.

7. Decrement Operator (++)

The decrement operator (--) is used to subtract 1 from the given operand. It is a binary operator that works only on single operand. It works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10;
  
  	// Subtract 1 from a
    a--;   // it can also be --a;
    cout << a ;
    return 0;
}

9

The decrement operator can also be written before the operand. e.g. --a. It is called predecrement.

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