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Windows 10上Python项目实战指南

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下载需积分: 5 | 85KB | 更新于2025-02-18 | 108 浏览量 | 0 下载量 举报 收藏
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根据给定文件信息,我们需要围绕标题“Python-Projects-on-Windows-10”、描述“Windows 10上的Python项目 放置在Windows 10上完成的所有项目...”以及标签“Python”生成相关的知识点。考虑到描述不完整,我们主要从标题和标签中提取信息。 ### 知识点:Python在Windows 10上的项目开发 #### 1. Python简介及其在Windows上的安装 - Python是一种解释型、面向对象、动态数据类型的高级编程语言,具有简洁、易读的代码结构。 - 在Windows 10上安装Python,用户需要下载适用于Windows系统的Python安装程序,通常从Python官方网站获取最新版的安装包。 - 安装过程包括选择安装类型(通常是“Customize installation”以便自定义安装选项)、设置环境变量以及配置其他选项(如安装路径)。 - 安装完毕后,建议通过命令提示符或PowerShell执行`python --version`来验证Python是否成功安装,并检查其版本。 #### 2. Python环境配置 - 配置Python环境对于项目开发至关重要,包括安装和设置Python解释器、包管理器pip以及集成开发环境(IDE)。 - pip是Python的包管理工具,用于安装和管理第三方库,如`pip install numpy`来安装NumPy库。 - 开发者可在Windows 10上使用多种Python IDE,例如PyCharm、Visual Studio Code(VS Code)或IDLE(Python自带的IDE)。 #### 3. 项目构建与管理 - 在Windows 10上开发Python项目需要构建和管理项目结构,通常创建一个主文件夹来包含所有的Python脚本、资源文件和依赖项。 - 可以使用虚拟环境来隔离项目的依赖项,如使用`virtualenv`工具或通过`pipenv`、`conda`来创建和管理环境。 - 项目构建过程中,常用到版本控制系统,例如Git,来管理代码版本和变更。 #### 4. 与Windows API和系统集成 - Python可以通过一些扩展库与Windows API交互,例如`pywin32`库允许Python脚本访问Windows特定的功能。 - 在项目开发中,Python可以创建桌面应用程序,与Windows系统服务进行交互或进行文件系统操作。 #### 5. 常用的Python库和框架 - 根据不同类型的项目需求,可能会用到不同的Python库和框架,例如: - 数据科学:Pandas、NumPy、SciPy、Scikit-learn - Web开发:Django、Flask - 数据可视化:Matplotlib、Seaborn、Plotly - 机器学习:TensorFlow、Keras、PyTorch - 自动化测试:Selenium、Requests - 这些库和框架可以通过pip安装,并在项目中引入和使用。 #### 6. 调试与测试 - Python项目开发同样需要进行代码调试和测试,以确保程序的稳定性和可靠性。 - 可以使用Python自带的调试工具如pdb,或者IDE提供的调试功能来逐步执行代码和查看变量状态。 - 单元测试是Python项目中不可或缺的一环,可以使用unittest或pytest框架来编写和执行测试用例。 #### 7. 打包与分发 - 当Python项目开发完成并经过充分测试后,可以将其打包分发给其他用户或部署到生产环境中。 - 常用的打包工具有PyInstaller、cx_Freeze等,它们能将Python脚本和所有依赖项打包成可执行文件。 - 分发Python应用时还需注意兼容性问题,确保在其他Windows 10系统上也能正常运行。 #### 8. 文档与帮助 - 项目的文档编写也是关键环节,它有助于其他开发者理解项目结构和使用方法,通常包括README文件、API文档等。 - 对于遇到的问题,Python开发者社区提供了一个庞大的资源库,可以通过搜索或提问方式获取帮助,例如Stack Overflow、Reddit的Python版块、Python官方文档和社区论坛。 ### 结论 以上知识点概述了在Windows 10环境下进行Python项目开发的全过程,包括环境搭建、项目管理、与系统集成、库和框架的使用、调试和测试、打包分发以及文档编写和社区支持等方面。开发者可以利用这些知识,高效地完成项目开发并解决开发过程中遇到的问题。通过实践和不断的尝试,可以进一步提高Python项目开发的能力和效率。

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PS C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\unified_server(2).py1787532444930598> pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Collecting opencv-python Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/17/06/68c27a523103dad5837dc5b87e71285280c4f098c60e4fe8a8db6486ab09/opencv-python-4.11.0.86.tar.gz (95.2 MB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Installing backend dependencies ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.13.3 in d:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from opencv-python) (1.19.4) Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python Building wheel for opencv-python (pyproject.toml) ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: 'D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe' 'D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpt37wunkv' cwd: C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_e4wuhw5\opencv-python_1977012de0b84efa86f25c93f367b4ae Complete output (395 lines): -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 17 2022 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 16 2019 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 15 2017 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ******************************************************************************** scikit-build could not get a working generator for your system. Aborting build. Building windows wheels for Python 3.6 requires Microsoft Visual Studio 2022. Get it with "Visual Studio 2017": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2019": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2022": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ ******************************************************************************** ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Failed building wheel for opencv-python Failed to build opencv-python ERROR: Could not build wheels for opencv-python, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

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PS C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\unified_server(2).py6619510878575312687\.idea> pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple Collecting opencv-python Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/17/06/68c27a523103dad5837dc5b87e71285280c4f098c60e4fe8a8db6486ab09/opencv-python-4.11.0.86.tar.gz (95.2 MB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Installing backend dependencies ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.13.3 in d:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from opencv-python) (1.14.3) Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python Building wheel for opencv-python (pyproject.toml) ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: 'D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe' 'D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpgg9zhpme' cwd: C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d8mt0gmf\opencv-python_9ea53cb2666f43fe9fb05c9dbea92ba6 Complete output (395 lines): -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 17 2022 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 16 2019 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 15 2017 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ******************************************************************************** scikit-build could not get a working generator for your system. Aborting build. Building windows wheels for Python 3.6 requires Microsoft Visual Studio 2022. Get it with "Visual Studio 2017": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2019": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2022": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ ******************************************************************************** ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Failed building wheel for opencv-python Failed to build opencv-python ERROR: Could not build wheels for opencv-python, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects PS C:\Users\shang\AppData\Local\Temp\unified_server(2).py6619510878575312687\.idea>

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