Python应用程序打包

Python应用程序打包

PyInstaller将Python应用程序及其所有依赖项捆绑到一个包中。 用户可以运行打包的应用程序，而无需安装 Python 解释器或任何模块。

项目结构：

Python应用程序打包项目示例

• demo

  • data

    • students.json

      [
        {
          "name": "花千骨",
          "sex": "女",
          "age": 16
        },
        {
          "name": "霓漫天",
          "sex": "女",
          "age": 18
        },
        {
          "name": "轻水",
          "sex": "女",
          "age": 17
        }
      ]
      
      

    • teachers.json

      [
        {
        "name": "白子画",
          "sex": "男",
          "age": 100,
          "course": "语文课"
        },
        {
          "name": "摩严",
          "sex": "男",
          "age": 200,
          "course": "数学课"
        },
        {
          "name": "笙箫默",
          "sex": "男",
          "age": 50,
          "course": "英语课"
        }
      ]
      
      

  • student.py

    class Student:
    
        def __init__(self, name, age, sex):
            self.name = name
            self.sex = sex
            self.age = age
    
        def start_learn(self):
            """开始学习"""
            print(f'{self.name}开始学习!')
    
    

  • teacher.py

    class Teacher:
    
        def __init__(self, name, age, sex, course):
            self.name = name
            self.sex = sex
            self.age = age
            self.course = course
    
        def start_teach(self):
            """开始教学"""
            print(f'{self.name}开始教学!')
    
    

  • demo.py

    from student import Student
    from teacher import Teacher
    
    
    def students():
        """
        获取学生对象列表
    
        :return: 学生对象列表
        """
        with open('data/students.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            student_list = eval(fp.read())
    
        return [Student(student['name'], student['sex'], student['age']) for student in student_list]
    
    
    def teachers():
        """
        获取教师对象列表
    
        :return: 教师对象列表
        """
        with open('data/teachers.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            teacher_list = eval(fp.read())
    
        return [Teacher(teacher['name'], teacher['sex'], teacher['age'], teacher['course']) for teacher in teacher_list]
    
    
    def show(x_list):
        """展示"""
        for x in x_list:
            if isinstance(x, Student):
                print(x.name, x.sex, x.age)
                x.start_learn()
            elif isinstance(x, Teacher):
                print(x.name, x.sex, x.age, x.course)
                x.start_teach()
    
    
    def main():
        student_list = students()
        teacher_list = teachers()
    
        print("------学生信息------")
        show(student_list)
        print("------教师信息------")
        show(teacher_list)
    
        input("请按任意键，再按Enter间结束！")
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    

  • demo.ico

安装PyInstaller

$ pip install -U pyinstaller

Windows

不包含资源文件打包

本项目中的资源文件夹：data/，本次打包将不包含此资源文件。所以在之后的使用中需要在exe文件同级目录有资源文件data/才可使用。

1. 打包命令

   # 生成配置文件
   pyi-makespec -F --icon demo.ico --name Demo demo.py
   
   # 打包
   pyinstaller Demo.spec
   

   • -F: Python解释器、依赖包打包进入exe文件。
   • –icon: 指定exe图标。
   • –name: 指定exe名称。

2. 打包结果

   打包完成之后会生成两个文件夹build/和dist/

   • build/
     • …
   • dist/
     • Demo.exe

3. 运行exe程序

   将Demo.exe和资源文件data/放在同一目录下，双击运行程序。
   

包含资源文件打包

将本项目所有的依赖包、资源文件打包成一个exe文件，运行时无需添加资源文件，双击运行即可。

1. 项目中资源路径修改。

   demo.py

   import os
   import sys
   
   from student import Student
   from teacher import Teacher
   
   
   def resource_path(relative_path):
       """
       资源路径
   
       :param relative_path: 相对路径
       :return: 资源路径
       """
   
       # 判断当前环境是否为打包环境
       if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
           # 打包程序生成的临时文件夹路径
           base_path = sys._MEIPASS
       else:
           base_path = os.path.abspath(".")
           
       return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)
   
   
   def students():
       """
       获取学生对象列表
   
       :return: 学生对象列表
       """
       with open(resource_path('data/students.json'), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
           student_list = eval(fp.read())
   
       return [Student(student['name'], student['sex'], student['age']) for student in student_list]
   
   
   def teachers():
       """
       获取教师对象列表
   
       :return: 教师对象列表
       """
       with open(resource_path('data/teachers.json'), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
           teacher_list = eval(fp.read())
   
       return [Teacher(teacher['name'], teacher['sex'], teacher['age'], teacher['course']) for teacher in teacher_list]
   
   
   def show(x_list):
       """展示"""
       for x in x_list:
           if isinstance(x, Student):
               print(x.name, x.sex, x.age)
               x.start_learn()
           elif isinstance(x, Teacher):
               print(x.name, x.sex, x.age, x.course)
               x.start_teach()
   
   
   def main():
       student_list = students()
       teacher_list = teachers()
   
       print("------学生信息------")
       show(student_list)
       print("------教师信息------")
       show(teacher_list)
   
       input("请按任意键，再按Enter间结束！")
   
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       main()
   
   

2. 生成配置文件

   # 生成配置文件
   pyi-makespec -F --icon demo.ico --name Demo demo.py
   

3. 修改配置文件

   Demo.spec

   a = Analysis(
   	......
       datas=[
           ('data', 'data')
       ],
   	......
   )
   

   将资源文件夹data添加到配置中

4. 执行打包

   pyinstaller Demo.sepc
   

5. 打包结果

   打包完成之后会生成两个文件夹build/和dist/

   • build/
     • …
   • dist/
     • Demo.exe

6. 运行exe程序