在 Spring Boot 项目中，可以通过添加 `spring-boot-starter-amqp` 依赖来集成 RabbitMQ

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分类专栏： Spring cloud(as vast as cloud) RocketMQ(Java、Python、PHP) RabbitMQ(AdvancedMessageQueue) 文章标签： java

于 2020-05-27 01:34:50 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/blog_programb/article/details/106369478

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以下是关于 Spring for RabbitMQ 的详细指南，基于最新的搜索结果信息：

Spring for RabbitMQ：快速入门与使用指南

1. 添加依赖

在 Spring Boot 项目中，可以通过添加 spring-boot-starter-amqp 依赖来集成 RabbitMQ。

Maven 依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 配置 RabbitMQ

在 application.yml 或 application.properties 文件中配置 RabbitMQ 的连接信息。

application.yml 示例：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    virtual-host: /

3. 创建消息发送者

使用 RabbitTemplate 发送消息。

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class MessageSender {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void send(String message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myQueue", message);
        System.out.println("Sent: " + message);
    }
}

4. 创建消息接收者

使用 @RabbitListener 注解监听队列中的消息。

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MessageReceiver {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "myQueue")
    public void receive(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received: " + message);
    }
}

5. 测试消息发送

创建一个控制器来测试消息发送。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private MessageSender messageSender;

    @GetMapping("/send")
    public String sendMessage() {
        messageSender.send("Hello, RabbitMQ!");
        return "Message sent!";
    }
}

6. 高级功能

6.1 发布/订阅模式

使用 TopicExchange 和通配符路由键。

配置交换机和队列：

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    @Bean
    public Queue topicsQueue1() {
        return new Queue("topicsQueue1", true);
    }

    @Bean
    public TopicExchange topicExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding binding(Queue topicsQueue1, TopicExchange topicExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicsQueue1).to(topicExchange).with("*.error");
    }
}

生产者代码：

@GetMapping("/topics/{routingKey}")
public String sendTopicMessage(@PathVariable String routingKey) {
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", routingKey, "Hello from Topic!");
    return "Message sent to topic exchange!";
}

消费者代码：

@Component
public class TopicListener {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "topicsQueue1")
    public void receive(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received: " + message);
    }
}

6.2 工作队列模式

多个消费者共享一个队列，消息按轮询方式分发。

生产者代码：

@GetMapping("/work")
public String sendWorkMessage() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("", "workQueue", "Task " + i);
    }
    return "Tasks sent!";
}

消费者代码：

@Component
public class WorkListener {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "workQueue")
    public void receive(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received task: " + message);
    }
}

7. 部署与生产环境配置

在生产环境中，需要确保 RabbitMQ 的安装和配置正确，并使用 SSL/TLS 加密通信。

配置 SSL：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: your-rabbitmq-server
    port: 5671
    username: your-username
    password: your-password
    virtual-host: /
    ssl:
      enabled: true

8. 更多资源

通过以上步骤，你可以在 Spring Boot 项目中快速集成 RabbitMQ，并实现消息的发送和接收。

Reference Documentation

For further reference, please consider the following sections:

Guides

The following guides illustrate how to use some features concretely:

/*
 * Copyright 2007-present the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class MavenWrapperDownloader {

    private static final String WRAPPER_VERSION = "0.5.6";
    /**
     * Default URL to download the maven-wrapper.jar from, if no 'downloadUrl' is provided.
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/takari/maven-wrapper/"
        + WRAPPER_VERSION + "/maven-wrapper-" + WRAPPER_VERSION + ".jar";

    /**
     * Path to the maven-wrapper.properties file, which might contain a downloadUrl property to
     * use instead of the default one.
     */
    private static final String MAVEN_WRAPPER_PROPERTIES_PATH =
            ".mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties";

    /**
     * Path where the maven-wrapper.jar will be saved to.
     */
    private static final String MAVEN_WRAPPER_JAR_PATH =
            ".mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar";

    /**
     * Name of the property which should be used to override the default download url for the wrapper.
     */
    private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_WRAPPER_URL = "wrapperUrl";

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        System.out.println("- Downloader started");
        File baseDirectory = new File(args[0]);
        System.out.println("- Using base directory: " + baseDirectory.getAbsolutePath());

        // If the maven-wrapper.properties exists, read it and check if it contains a custom
        // wrapperUrl parameter.
        File mavenWrapperPropertyFile = new File(baseDirectory, MAVEN_WRAPPER_PROPERTIES_PATH);
        String url = DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL;
        if(mavenWrapperPropertyFile.exists()) {
            FileInputStream mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream = null;
            try {
                mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mavenWrapperPropertyFile);
                Properties mavenWrapperProperties = new Properties();
                mavenWrapperProperties.load(mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream);
                url = mavenWrapperProperties.getProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_WRAPPER_URL, url);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("- ERROR loading '" + MAVEN_WRAPPER_PROPERTIES_PATH + "'");
            } finally {
                try {
                    if(mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream != null) {
                        mavenWrapperPropertyFileInputStream.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore ...
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("- Downloading from: " + url);

        File outputFile = new File(baseDirectory.getAbsolutePath(), MAVEN_WRAPPER_JAR_PATH);
        if(!outputFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
            if(!outputFile.getParentFile().mkdirs()) {
                System.out.println(
                        "- ERROR creating output directory '" + outputFile.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath() + "'");
            }
        }
        System.out.println("- Downloading to: " + outputFile.getAbsolutePath());
        try {
            downloadFileFromURL(url, outputFile);
            System.out.println("Done");
            System.exit(0);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println("- Error downloading");
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private static void downloadFileFromURL(String urlString, File destination) throws Exception {
        if (System.getenv("MVNW_USERNAME") != null && System.getenv("MVNW_PASSWORD") != null) {
            String username = System.getenv("MVNW_USERNAME");
            char[] password = System.getenv("MVNW_PASSWORD").toCharArray();
            Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
                }
            });
        }
        URL website = new URL(urlString);
        ReadableByteChannel rbc;
        rbc = Channels.newChannel(website.openStream());
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(destination);
        fos.getChannel().transferFrom(rbc, 0, Long.MAX_VALUE);
        fos.close();
        rbc.close();
    }

}

distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.6.3/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip
wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/takari/maven-wrapper/0.5.6/maven-wrapper-0.5.6.jar

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-integration</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-integration-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>