系统学习Python——单元测试unittest：内置装饰器

分类目录：《系统学习Python》总目录
相关文章：
· 单元测试unittest：框架结构
· 单元测试unittest：测试固件
· 单元测试unittest：编写测试用例
· 单元测试unittest：执行测试用例
· 单元测试unittest：用例执行次序
· 单元测试unittest：内置装饰器
· 单元测试unittest：命令行执行测试
· 单元测试unittest：批量执行测试文件
· 单元测试unittest：测试断言
· 单元测试unittest：测试报告

在自动化测试过程中，我们可能会遇到这样的场景：在某些情况下，测试用例虽然不需要执行，但是我们又不愿意删掉它。下面来看看unittest提供的装饰器功能。

无条件跳过装饰器

下面的代码借助@unittest.skip('skip info')装饰器，演示无条件跳过执行某个方法：

import unittest


class MyTestClassOne(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        print('setUpClass')

    def setUp(self):
        print('setUp')

    def test_001(self):
        print('test_first')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    @unittest.skip('skip info')
    def test_002(self):
        print('test_second')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def test_003(self):
        print('test_third')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def test_004(self):
        print('test_fourth')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def tearDown(self):
        print('tearDown')

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        print('tearDownClass')

运行结果如下：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_001 setUpClass
setUp
test_first
tearDown

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_002 SKIPPED (skip info) 
Skipped: skip info

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_003
setUp
test_third
tearDown

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_004
setUp
test_fourth
tearDown
tearDownClass


======================== 3 passed, 1 skipped in 0.03s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

满足条件跳过装饰器

下面的代码借助@unittest.skipIf(condition， 'info')装饰器，演示当满足某个条件时，跳过执行某个方法：

import unittest


class MyTestClassOne(unittest.TestCase):
    i = 10
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        print('setUpClass')

    def setUp(self):
        print('setUp')

    def test_001(self):
        print('test_first')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    @unittest.skipIf(i > 1, 'info')
    def test_002(self):
        print('test_second')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def test_003(self):
        print('test_third')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def test_004(self):
        print('test_fourth')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def tearDown(self):
        print('tearDown')

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        print('tearDownClass')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

因为变量i = 1，满足i > 0的条件，所以跳过执行test_002用例，运行结果如下：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_001 setUpClass
PASSED                            [ 25%]setUp
test_first
tearDown

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_002 SKIPPED (info)                    [ 50%]
Skipped: info

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_003 PASSED                            [ 75%]setUp
test_third
tearDown

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_004 PASSED                            [100%]setUp
test_fourth
tearDown
tearDownClass


======================== 3 passed, 1 skipped in 0.03s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

不满足条件跳过

下面的代码借助@unittest.skipUnless(a==5,‘info’)装饰器，演示当不满足某个条件时，跳过执行某个方法。

import unittest


class MyTestClassOne(unittest.TestCase):
    i = -1
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        print('setUpClass')

    def setUp(self):
        print('setUp')
        self.i = 1

    def test_001(self):
        print('test_first')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)


    def test_002(self):
        print('test_second')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)


    def test_003(self):
        print('test_third')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    @unittest.skipUnless(i > 0, 'info')
    def test_004(self):
        print('test_fourth')
        self.assertEqual(0, 0)

    def tearDown(self):
        print('tearDown')

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        print('tearDownClass')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

因为i < 0不满足条件，所以跳过test_004用例，运行结果如下：

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 4 items

testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_001 
testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_002 
testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_003 
testclass.py::MyTestClassOne::test_004 

======================== 3 passed, 1 skipped in 0.03s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0
setUpClass
setUp
test_first
tearDown
setUp
test_second
tearDown
setUp
test_third
tearDown
SKIPPED (info) 
Skipped: info
tearDownClass