Docker 部署 Flask 应用示例

DexterLien

已于 2023-06-06 23:30:05 修改

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分类专栏： Python 运维 Linux 文章标签： flask docker python

于 2023-06-06 22:45:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lpwmm/article/details/131051855

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文章展示了一个使用Flask框架创建的应用，该应用连接到Mariadb数据库并管理用户信息。通过Dockerfile构建Docker镜像，并使用docker-compose进行多容器部署，包括Flask应用和MariaDB服务。

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一个简单的 Flask 应用

需要访问 mariadb 数据库, 简单的设计一个 user 表来存放用户信息

$ tree -L 2
.
├── app.py
├── com
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── config.py
│   └── models.py
├── requirements.txt
├── templates
│   └── index.html
└── views
    ├── __init__.py
    └── main.py

app.py

from flask import Flask
from views import main_bp
from com.models import db, UserModel
from flask_migrate import Migrate, init, migrate, upgrade
import click
import shutil

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object("com.config")
app.register_blueprint(main_bp)

db.init_app(app)
Migrate(app=app, db=db)

@app.cli.command("init-db")
def init_db():
    """Init database"""
    init()
    migrate()
    upgrade()
    shutil.rmtree('./migrations')
    print('Database initilized.')


@app.cli.command("create-user")
@click.argument("name")
def create_user(name):
    """Create user CLI"""
    user = UserModel()
    user.username = name
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    print(f"User: {name} added.")

com/config.py

import os
# Flask config
DEBUG = False
JSON_AS_ASCII = False
SECRET_KEY = 'somerandomcharacter'

# Database config read from environment variables
DB_HOST = os.getenv('DB_HOST')
DB_PORT = os.getenv('DB_PORT')
DB_NAME = os.getenv('DB_NAME')
DB_USERNAME = os.getenv('DB_USERNAME')
DB_PASSWORD = os.getenv('DB_PASSWORD')

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = f'mysql+pymysql://{DB_USERNAME}:{DB_PASSWORD}@{DB_HOST}:{DB_PORT}/{DB_NAME}?charset=utf8'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

com/models.py

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, Text

db = SQLAlchemy()

class UserModel(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    username = Column(Text)

views/main.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template
from com.models import UserModel

bp = Blueprint('main', __name__, url_prefix='/')

@bp.route('/')
def index():
    data = UserModel.query.all()
    return render_template('index.html', data=data)

views/__init__.py

from .main import bp as main_bp

templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>My Flask</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Flask</h1>
    <h2>User list:</h2>
    <ul>
        {%for d in data%}
        <li>{{d.username}}</li>
        {%endfor%}
    </ul>
</body>

</html>

requirements.txt

flask
flask-sqlalchemy
flask-migrate
pymysql

构建 Docker Image

编辑 Dockerfile

FROM python:3.10.6-alpine

EXPOSE 80
WORKDIR /app

RUN apk update

COPY requirements.txt /app

RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt --no-cache-dir

COPY . .

CMD ["python3", "-m", "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0", "--port=80"]

构建 Image

docker build -t my-flask:latest .

测试运行

docker run -it -p 8000:80 --rm my-flask

以 Daemon 方式后台运行

docker run -d -p 8000:80 my-flask

调用 flask CLI 自定义命令初始化数据库和添加用户

docker exec [CONTAINER_ID] flask init-db
docker exec [CONTAINER_ID] flask create-user dexterlien

多 Container 联动部署

应用中用到了 MariaDB, 我们可以将数据库也以容器的方式一同进行部署, 需要用到 docker-compose

安装 docker-compose

# Ubuntu 可以直接使用 apt 安装
sudo apt install -y docker-compose

# 也可以手动下载安装
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.2.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

编辑 docker-compose.yml

version: '3'

services:
  flask-app:
    container_name: my-flask
    build: .
    environment:
      - DB_HOST=mariadb
      - DB_PORT=3306
      - DB_NAME=flask_db
      - DB_USERNAME=root
      - DB_PASSWORD=mypwd
    restart: always
    ports:
      - '8000:80'
    depends_on:
      - mariadb
    links:
      - mariadb
    networks:
      - backend

  mariadb:
    container_name: mariadb
    image: mariadb:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: mypwd
      MYSQL_DATABASE: flask_db
    expose:
      - '3306'
    volumes:
      - ./database:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - backend

networks:
  backend:


volumes:
  app:
  database: