esp32 基于esp-idf 的网页服务器设计

于 2025-06-03 08:00:00 发布
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分类专栏： esp32 文章标签： esp32 网页服务器
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46158019/article/details/148275211
版权

一、代码

ESP32 IDF框架的网页服务器，包含WiFi连接、HTTP服务、前端交互和硬件控制功能：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "esp_http_server.h"
#include "driver/gpio.h"
#include "cJSON.h"

// WiFi配置
#define WIFI_SSID      "wifi_SSID"
#define WIFI_PASS      "wifi_PASSWORD"
#define LED_GPIO       GPIO_NUM_2  // 板载LED引脚

// 全局变量
static const char *TAG = "WEB_SERVER";
static httpd_handle_t server = NULL;
static bool led_state = false;

// WiFi连接初始化
static void wifi_init_sta(void) {
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .sta = {
            .ssid = WIFI_SSID,
            .password = WIFI_PASS,
            .threshold.authmode = WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK
        },
    };

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(ESP_IF_WIFI_STA, &wifi_config));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start());
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WiFi初始化完成，正在连接AP...");
}

// 事件处理
static int s_retry_num = 0;
// 事件处理
static void event_handler(void* arg, esp_event_base_t event_base,int32_t event_id, void* event_data) 
{
    if (event_base == WIFI_EVENT && event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_START) 
    {
        esp_wifi_connect();
    } 
    else if (event_base == WIFI_EVENT && event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED) 
    {
        if (s_retry_num < 6) 
        {
            esp_wifi_connect();
            s_retry_num++;
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "retry to connect to the AP");
        } 
        else 
        {
            ESP_LOGI(TAG,"connect to the AP fail");
        }
        
    } 
    else if (event_base == IP_EVENT && event_id == IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP) 
    {
        ip_event_got_ip_t* event = (ip_event_got_ip_t*) event_data;
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "获得IP地址: " IPSTR, IP2STR(&event->ip_info.ip));
        start_webserver();
        s_retry_num=0;
    }
}

// HTTP请求处理函数
static esp_err_t root_get_handler(httpd_req_t *req) {
    extern const char index_html_start[] asm("_binary_index_html_start");
    extern const char index_html_end[] asm("_binary_index_html_end");

    extern const unsigned int len2  asm ("index_html_length");

    printf("len2=%d\n",len2);
    printf("len=%d\n",index_html_end-index_html_start);
    printf("strlen(index_html_start)=%d\n",strlen(index_html_start));
    httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/html");
    //strlen(index_html_start) 获取的长度比实际的多2个字节
    httpd_resp_send(req, index_html_start, len2);
    return ESP_OK;
}




static esp_err_t led_post_handler(httpd_req_t *req) {
    char buf[10];
    int ret = httpd_req_recv(req, buf, sizeof(buf));
    
    if (ret > 0) {
        buf[ret] = '\0';
        if (strcmp(buf, "toggle") == 0) {
            led_state = !led_state;
            gpio_set_level(LED_GPIO, led_state);
            httpd_resp_sendstr(req, led_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
        }
    }
    return ESP_OK;
}

static esp_err_t sensor_get_handler(httpd_req_t *req) {
    // 模拟传感器数据（实际项目应替换为真实传感器读取）
    cJSON *root = cJSON_CreateObject();
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(root, "temperature", 25.6);
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(root, "humidity", 65.2);
    
    const char *json_str = cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
    httpd_resp_set_type(req, "application/json");
    httpd_resp_sendstr(req, json_str);
    
    cJSON_Delete(root);
    free((void*)json_str);
    return ESP_OK;
}

// 启动Web服务器
void start_webserver() {
    httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
    config.max_uri_handlers = 8;

    // 注册URI处理器
    httpd_uri_t uri_get = {
        .uri = "/",
        .method = HTTP_GET,
        .handler = root_get_handler,
        .user_ctx = NULL
    };

    httpd_uri_t uri_led = {
        .uri = "/led",
        .method = HTTP_POST,
        .handler = led_post_handler,
        .user_ctx = NULL
    };

    httpd_uri_t uri_sensor = {
        .uri = "/sensor",
        .method = HTTP_GET,
        .handler = sensor_get_handler,
        .user_ctx = NULL
    };

    if (httpd_start(&server, &config) == ESP_OK) {
        httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &uri_get);
        httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &uri_led);
        httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &uri_sensor);
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "HTTP服务器启动成功");
    }
}

void app_main(void) {
    // 初始化NVS
    esp_err_t ret = nvs_flash_init();
    if (ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
        ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_erase());
        ret = nvs_flash_init();
    }
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);

    // 初始化GPIO
    gpio_reset_pin(LED_GPIO);
    gpio_set_direction(LED_GPIO, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);

    // 初始化网络
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
    esp_netif_create_default_wifi_sta();

    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));

    // 注册事件处理器
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_register(WIFI_EVENT, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, &event_handler, NULL));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_register(IP_EVENT, IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP, &event_handler, NULL));

    // 启动WiFi
    wifi_init_sta();
}

二、配套HTML文件 (index.html)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>ESP32控制面板</title>
    <style>
        body { font-family: Arial; text-align: center; margin: 40px; }
        .btn { 
            padding: 15px 30px; 
            font-size: 18px; 
            background: #4CAF50; 
            color: white; 
            border: none; 
            border-radius: 5px; 
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        .status { margin-top: 20px; font-size: 20px; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>ESP32控制面板</h1>
    <button class="btn" onclick="toggleLED()">切换LED状态</button>
    <div class="status">
        <p>传感器数据: <span id="sensorData">加载中...</span></p>
    </div>

    <script>
        function toggleLED() {
            fetch('/led', { 
                method: 'POST',
                body: 'toggle'
            })
            .then(response => response.text())
            .then(state => {
                alert('当前LED状态: ' + state);
            });
        }

        // 每2秒更新传感器数据
        setInterval(() => {
            fetch('/sensor')
                .then(response => response.json())
                .then(data => {
                    document.getElementById('sensorData').innerHTML = 
                        `${data.temperature}℃ / ${data.humidity}%`;
                });
        }, 2000);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

三、部署步骤

  1. 准备开发环境

    # 创建项目目录结构
mkdir -p my_web_server/main components/web_files

  2. 文件组织

    my_web_server/
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main/
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   └── main.c         # 上述C代码
└── components/
    └── web_files/
        └── index.html  # 上述HTML文件

  3. 配置CMakeLists.txt
    主目录CMakeLists.txt:

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
project(my_web_server)

    main/CMakeLists.txt:

    idf_component_register(SRCS "main.c"
                 INCLUDE_DIRS "."
                 EMBED_FILES "../components/web_files/index.html")

  4. 编译和烧录

    idf.py set-target esp32
idf.py build
idf.py -p PORT flash monitor  # 替换PORT为实际串口

  5. 测试验证

    • 查看串口输出的IP地址
    • 浏览器访问 http://[ESP32_IP]/
    • 点击按钮测试LED控制
    • 观察传感器数据更新

四、功能说明

  1. 硬件控制：通过GPIO2控制板载LED
  2. 数据接口：
    • GET /：返回控制页面
    • POST /led：切换LED状态
    • GET /sensor：获取模拟传感器数据
  3. 前端功能：
    • 实时显示传感器数据（每2秒更新）
    • 按钮控制LED状态
    • 响应式界面设计

代码实现了完整的Web服务器功能，如需扩展功能可在此基础上添加更多URI处理逻辑。
在这里插入图片描述

五、网页额外说明

网页编译之后，生成index.html.S.

在这里插入图片描述

其内容如下：

/* * Data converted from C:/work/demo/others/hello/hello/components/web_files/index.html
 */
.data
.section .rodata.embedded

.global index_html
index_html:

.global _binary_index_html_start
_binary_index_html_start: /* for objcopy compatibility */
.byte 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x21, 0x2d, 0x2d, 0x20, 0x73, 0x61, 0x76, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x66
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.global _binary_index_html_end
_binary_index_html_end: /* for objcopy compatibility */


.global index_html_length
index_html_length:
.word 1612


static esp_err_t root_get_handler(httpd_req_t *req) {
    extern const char index_html_start[] asm("_binary_index_html_start");
    extern const char index_html_end[] asm("_binary_index_html_end");

    extern const unsigned int len2  asm ("index_html_length");

    printf("len2=%d\n",len2);
    printf("len=%d\n",index_html_end-index_html_start);
    printf("strlen(index_html_start)=%d\n",strlen(index_html_start));
    httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/html");
    //strlen(index_html_start) 获取的长度比实际的多2个字节
    httpd_resp_send(req, index_html_start, len2);
    return ESP_OK;
}

可参考 asm 的用法。

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