使用Apache HttpClient – 发送自定义Cookie

原创于 2024-12-04 22:41:42 发布

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本教程将专注于如何使用Apache HttpClient发送自定义Cookie。

配置HttpClient上的Cookie管理

HttpClient 4.3及更高版本

在HttpClient 4.3中，我们将利用流畅构建器API来构建和配置客户端。

首先，我们需要创建一个cookie存储，并在其中设置示例cookie：

BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
cookie.setPath("/");
cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);

然后，我们可以使用setDefaultCookieStore()方法在HttpClient上设置此cookie存储，并发送请求：

@Test
final void whenSettingCookiesOnTheHttpClient_thenCookieSentCorrectly() throws IOException {
    final BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
    final BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
    cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
    cookie.setAttribute("domain", "true"); // 根据版本可能需要设置
    cookie.setPath("/");
    cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
    final HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
        .setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore)
        .build();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
            .execute(request, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())) {
        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
    }
}

非常重要的一步是设置cookie的域——如果不设置正确的域，客户端将不会发送该cookie！

此外，根据您使用的具体版本，您可能还需要设置：

cookie.setAttribute("domain", "true");

HttpClient 4.3之前版本

对于旧版本的HttpClient（4.3之前）——cookie存储直接设置在HttpClient上：

@Test
public void givenUsingDeprecatedApi_whenSettingCookiesOnTheHttpClient_thenCorrect() 
  throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
    BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
    cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
    cookie.setPath("/");
    cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
    DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    client.setCookieStore(cookieStore);

    HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");

    HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
    assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
}

除了客户端构建的方式不同外，这与之前的例子没有其他区别。

在请求上设置Cookie

如果在整个HttpClient上设置cookie不是一个选项，我们可以使用HttpContext类单独为请求配置cookie：

@Test
final void whenSettingCookiesOnTheRequest_thenCookieSentCorrectly() throws IOException {
    final BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
    final BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
    cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
    cookie.setAttribute("domain", "true");
    cookie.setPath("/");
    cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
    final HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
        .setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore)
        .build();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
            .execute(request, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())) {
        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
    }
}

以原始Header的形式设置cookie

另一种方法是在HTTP请求上以原始Header的形式设置cookie：

@Test
final void whenSettingCookiesOnARequest_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
    final HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");
    request.setHeader("Cookie", "JSESSIONID=1234");
    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
            .execute(request, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())) {
        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
    }
}