单元测试 - SpringBoot2+Mockito实战

单元测试 - SpringBoot2+Mockito实战

在真实的开发中，我们通常是使用SpringBoot的，目前SpringBoot是v2.4.x的版本（SpringBoot 2.2.2.RELEASE之前默认是使用 JUnit4，之后版本默认使用Junit5）；所以我们写个基于SpringBoot2.4+H2的内存库的简单例子，同时加点必要的单元测试。@pdai

SpringBoot对单测试的差异

SpringBoot 2.2.2.RELEASE之前默认是使用 JUnit4，之后版本默认使用Junit5。

pringboot+junit4:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootQuickStartApplicationTests {
   

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
   
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() throws Exception {
   
        RequestBuilder request = null;
       
        request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        mvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
   }
}

springboot+junit5:

@SpringBootTest
// 使用spring的测试框架
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
class SpringbootQuickStartApplicationTests {
   

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @BeforeEach // 类似于junit4的@Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
   
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
    }

    @Test
    void contextLoads() throws Exception {
   
        RequestBuilder request = null;

        request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        mockMvc.perform(request)
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
    }
}

项目实践

Spring Boot 2.4.2 + H2 + Lombok + Spring Boot Test (默认包含了 Junit5 + Mockito)。

Demo程序准备

• pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>tech.pdai</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-springboot-unit5</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>java-springboot-unit5</name>
    <description>java-springboot-unit5</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>