堆排序是原址排序,时间复杂度是0(nlgn).
思路:先把待排序的数组A构建成一个堆,那么堆顶是数组中元素的最大值,A[0]和A[n]交换,剩余的n-1个元素继续构建成堆,然后A[0] 和A[n-1]交换,剩余的n-2个元素继续构建成堆,重复上述步骤,直到剩下1个元素结束。
import random
def max_heapify(alist, i, heap_size):
lc = 2 * i + 1
rc = 2 * i + 2
largest = i
if lc <= heap_size:
if alist[lc] > alist[i]:
largest = lc
if rc <= heap_size:
if alist[rc] > alist[largest]:
largest = rc
if largest != i:
alist[i], alist[largest] = alist[largest], alist[i]
max_heapify(alist, largest, heap_size)
def build_heap(alist):
n = len(alist)-1
for i in range(int(n/2)+1, -1, -1):
max_heapify(alist, i, n)
def heap_sort(alist):
build_heap(alist)
size = len(alist)-1
for i in range(size, 0, -1):
alist[0], alist[i] = alist[i], alist[0]
size -= 1
max_heapify(alist, 0, size)
if __name__ == "__main__":
alist = random.sample(range(100), 30)
print("alist: ", alist)
heap_sort(alist)
print("after sort: %s" % alist)