获取网口 IPv4 地址的几种方式（grep -A，awk）

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-01 19:34:47 发布

lm_hao

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-01 19:34:47 发布

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背景

很多时候，需要根据需要获取对应网卡的 IP 地址。这里简要记录几种方式。

查看IP的方式

ip 命令

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2c:7e:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.21.100.210/16 brd 172.21.255.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::6f46:302b:8eff:7312/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::4c5e:7292:bf5f:b2a4/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a3b9:826b:2cf5:511d/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:da:c8:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:da:c8:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]#

ifconfig 命令

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.21.13.210  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.21.255.255
        inet6 fe80::a3b9:826b:2cf5:511d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 fe80::6f46:302b:8eff:7312  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 fe80::4c5e:7292:bf5f:b2a4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 52:54:00:2c:7e:27  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 2165802  bytes 4766261033 (4.4 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 2177  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 839929  bytes 53376036 (50.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 106  bytes 25840 (25.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 106  bytes 25840 (25.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.133.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.133.255
        ether 52:54:00:da:c8:09  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

获取指定网卡 IPv4 地址

方式一

传统方式

ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet " | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F '/' '{print $1}'

方式二

ip a | grep eth0 -A3 | grep "inet "| awk '{print $2}' | awk -F '/' '{print $1}'

主要借鉴 grep 中的 -A 选项。

 Context Line Control
       -A NUM, --after-context=NUM
              Print NUM lines of trailing context after  matching  lines.   Places  a  line  containing  a  group  separator  (described  under --group-separator) between contiguous groups of matches.  With the -o or --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warning is given.

       -B NUM, --before-context=NUM
              Print NUM lines of leading context before  matching  lines.   Places  a  line  containing  a  group  separator  (described  under --group-separator) between contiguous groups of matches.  With the -o or --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warningis given.

       -C NUM, -NUM, --context=NUM
              Print NUM lines of output context.  Places a line containing  a  group  separator  (described  under  --group-separator)  between contiguous groups of matches.  With the -o or --only-matching option, this has no effect and a warning is given.

获取第1个有效 IPv4 地址

直接获取第一个有效的 IP 地址（如：172.21.13.210）。

ip a | grep "inet " | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F '/' '{print $1}' | sed -n '2p'