栈的定义:栈(Stack)是一个后进先出的线性表,它要求只在表尾进行删除和插入操作。
栈的插入操作(push):入栈
栈的删除操作(pop):出栈
栈的顺序存储结构:
//第一种
typedef struct
{
ElemType *base;
ElemType *top;
int stackSize;
}sqStack;
//第二种
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct
{
ElemType data[MAXSIZE];
int top; //栈顶指针
int stackSize;
}
入栈操作:
//元素elem进栈,a为数组,top值为当前栈的栈顶位置
int push(int* a,int top,int elem){
a[++top]=elem;
return top;
}
出栈操作:
//元素elem进栈,a为数组,top值为当前栈的栈顶位置
int push(int* a,int top,int elem){
a[++top]=elem;
return top;
}
栈实践:
题目:利用栈,将二进制转换为十进制数。
代码:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#define STACK_INIT_SIZE 20
#define STACKINCREMENT 10
typedef char ElemType;
typedef struct
{
ElemType *base;
ElemType *top;
int stackSize;
}sqStack;
void InitStack(sqStack *s)
{
s->base = (ElemType *)malloc(STACK_INIT_SIZE * sizeof(ElemType));
if(!s->base)
{
exit(0);
}
s->top = s->base;
s->stackSize = STACK_INIT_SIZE;
}
void Push(sqStack *s,ElemType e)
{
if(s->top-s->base >= s->stackSize)
{
s->base = (ElemType *)realloc(s->base,(s->stackSize + STACKINCREMENT) * sizeof(ElemType));
if( !s->base)
{
exit(0);
}
}
*(s->top) = e;
s->top++;
}
void Pop(sqStack *s,ElemType *e)
{
if( s->top == s->base)
{
return;
}
*e = *--(s->top);
}
int StackLen(sqStack s)
{
return (s.top-s.base);
}
int main(){
ElemType c;
sqStack s;
int len,i,sum = 0;
InitStack(&s);
printf("请输入二进制数,输入#符号表示结束!\n");
scanf("%c",&c);
while(c != '#')
{
Push(&s,c);
scanf("%c",&c);
}
getchar(); //把'\n'从缓冲区去掉
len = StackLen(s);
printf("栈的当前容量是:%d\n",len);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
Pop(&s,&c);
sum = sum + (c-48) * pow(2,i);
}
printf("转化为十进制数是:%d\n",sum);
return 0;
}
逆波兰计算器
正常表达式 ------->逆波兰表达式
- a+b —>a b +
- a+(b-c) —> a b c - +
- a+(b-c)*d —>a b c - d * +
- a+d*(b-c) —> a d b c - * +