一、Bootstrap:
1. 概念:一个前端开发的框架,Bootstrap,来自 Twitter,是目前很受欢迎的前端框架。Bootstrap 是基于 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 的,它简洁灵活,使得 Web 开发更加快捷。
2. 框架:一个半成品软件,开发人员可以在框架基础上,再进行开发,简化编码。
3. 好处:
3.1 定义了很多的css样式和js插件。我们开发人员直接可以使用这些样式和插件得到丰富的页面效果。
3.2 响应式布局。即同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
4. 快速入门
4.1 下载Bootstrap
4.2 在项目中将这三个文件夹复制
4.3 创建html页面,引入必要的资源文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好,世界!</h1>
</body>
</html>
二、 响应式布局
1.概念:同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
2.实现:依赖于栅格系统(将一行平均分成12个格子,可以指定元素占几个格子)
3.步骤:
3.1 定义容器。相当于之前的table。
容器分类:a. container:两边留白 b. container-fluid:每一种设备都是100%宽度
3.2 定义行。相当于之前的tr。 样式:row
3.3 定义元素。指定该元素在不同的设备上,所占的格子数目。样式:col-设备代号-格子数目
设备代号:
a. xs:超小屏幕 手机 (<768px):col-xs-12
b. sm:小屏幕 平板 (≥768px)
c. md:中等屏幕 桌面显示器 (≥992px)
d. lg:大屏幕 大桌面显示器 (≥1200px)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.inner{
border:1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--1.定义容器-->
<div class="container">
<!--2.定义行-->
<div class="row">
<!--3.定义元素
需求:
在大显示器一行12个格子
在pad上一行6个格子
-->
<!--<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>-->
<div class="col-md-4 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-md-4 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-md-4 inner">栅格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
4. 注意:
4.1 一行中如果格子数目超过12,则超出部分自动换行。
4.2 栅格的类属性可以向上兼容。栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备。
4.3 如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值,会一个元素沾满一整行。
三、 CSS样式和JS插件
1. 全局CSS样式:
1.1 按钮:
class="btn btn-default"(默认样式)
1.2 图片:
class="img-responsive":图片在任意尺寸都占100%(响应式的)
图片形状的三种不同显示方式:
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">:方形
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> : 圆形
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail"> :相框
1.3 表格
常见的class样式: table、table-bordered、table-hover
1.4 表单
给表单项添加form-control类属性:class="form-control"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>003</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr><hr><hr>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email address</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
2. 组件:
2.1 导航条
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!-- 定义汉堡按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</body>
</html>
2.2 分页条
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li class="disabled">
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
3. 插件:
3.1 轮播图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
四、 案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.paddtop{
padding-top: 10px;
}
.search-btn{
float: left;
border:1px solid #ffc900;
width: 90px;
height: 35px;
background-color:#ffc900 ;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35px;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.search-input{
float: left;
border:2px solid #ffc900;
width: 400px;
height: 35px;
padding-left: 5px;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.jx{
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
.company{
height: 40px;
background-color: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height:40px ;
font-size: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 1.页眉部分-->
<header class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="img/top_banner.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<img src="img/logo.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<input class="search-input" placeholder="请输入线路名称">
<a class="search-btn" href="#">搜索</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/hotel_tel.png" class="img-responsive">
</div>
</div>
<!--导航栏-->
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!-- 定义汉堡按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</div>
<!--轮播图-->
<div class="row">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- 2.主体部分-->
<div class="container">
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/icon_5.jpg">
<span>黑马精选</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/icon_6.jpg">
<span>国内游</span>
</div>
<div class="row paddtop">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/guonei_1.jpg">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg" alt="">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售+亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选+豪华酒店任选+接送机)</p>
<font color="red">¥ 699</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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