计算几何模板

本文介绍了一个用于几何计算的C++库,包括点、线段、多边形、圆等基本几何对象的操作与计算方法,如距离计算、交点求解、角度测量等。

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#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define vct point
using namespace std;

const double pi=atan2(0,-1);
const double eps=1e-8;
int sgn(double d){
    if(fabs(d)<eps)return 0;
    return d<0?-1:1;
}

struct point{
    double x,y;

    bool operator<(point b)const{
        if(sgn(x-b.x))return sgn(x-b.x)<0;
        return sgn(y-b.y)<0;
    }
    bool operator==(point b)const{return sgn(x-b.x)==0&&sgn(y-b.y)==0;}


    //基本运算

    vct operator+(vct b){return {x+b.x,y+b.y};}
    vct operator-(vct b){return {x-b.x,y-b.y};}
    vct operator*(double d){return {x*d,y*d};}
    vct operator/(double d){return {x/d,y/d};}

    double dot(vct b){return x*b.x+y*b.y;}
    double cross(vct b){return x*b.y-y*b.x;}

    double dis(){return hypot(x,y);}
    double dis(point b){return hypot(x-b.x,y-b.y);}
    double agl(){return atan2(y,x);}
    double agl(vct b){return acos(dot(b)/dis()/b.dis());}

    vct rot(double d){return {x*cos(d)-y*sin(d),x*sin(d)+y*cos(d)};}


    //线段
    int cmp(point a,point b){//点在线段上1,端点上0,外-1
        if(*this==a||*this==b)return 0;
        vct pa=a-*this,pb=b-*this;
        return sgn(pa.cross(pb))==0&&pa.dot(pb)<0?1:-1;
    }
    double dis(point a,point b){//点到线段ab的距离
        if(a==b)return dis(a);
        vct ab=b-a,ap=*this-a,bp=*this-b;
        if(sgn(ab.dot(ap))<0)return ap.dis();
        if(sgn(ab.dot(bp))>0)return bp.dis();
        return fabs(ab.cross(ap)/ab.dis());
    }

    //多边形
    template<typename T>
    int cmp(T first,T last){//点在多边形内1,上0,外-1
        int wn=0;
        for(T i=first;i<last;i++){
            point a=*i,b=(i+1)==last?*first:*(i+1);
            if(cmp(a,b)==0)return 0;
            int k=sgn((b-a).cross(*this-a));
            int d1=sgn(a.y-y);
            int d2=sgn(b.y-y);
            if(k>0&&d1<=0&&d2>0)wn++;
            if(k<0&&d2<=0&&d1>0)wn--;
        }
        return wn!=0?1:-1;
    }
};

struct line{
    point p,v;

    line(point p,vct v):p(p),v(v/v.dis()){}//方向向量必须单位化,小心除0错误
    point getp(double t){return p+v*t;}

    point intersection(line l){//直线交点
        double t=l.v.cross(p-l.p)/v.cross(l.v);//平行分母为0,小心除0错误
        return getp(t);
    }

    double dis(point q){return fabs(v.cross(q-p));}//不取绝对值就是有向距离

    point projection(point q){//点在直线上的投影
        double t=v.dot(q-p);//向量pq在单位向量上的投影长度
        return getp(t);
    }

};

//线段
bool intersect(point a,point b,point c,point d){//线段相交
    return sgn((b-a).cross(c-a))*sgn((b-a).cross(d-a))<0
    &&sgn((d-c).cross(a-c))*sgn((d-c).cross(b-c))<0;
}

double agl(double a,double b,double c){return acos((a*a+b*b-c*c)/2/a/b);}//角c

struct circle{
    point o;
    double r;
    point getp(double d){return o+point{cos(d),sin(d)}*r;}

    int intersection(line l,vector<point>&ans){//直线与圆交点
        double d=l.dis(o);
        if(sgn(d-r)>0)return 0;//相离
        point q=l.projection(o);
        if(sgn(d-r)==0){
            ans.push_back(q);
            return 1;//相切
        }
        double t=sqrt(r*r-d*d);
        ans.push_back(q+l.v*t);
        ans.push_back(q-l.v*t);
        return 2;//相交
    }

    int intersection(circle c,vector<point>&ans){
        double d=o.dis(c.o);
        if(sgn(d)==0){
            if(sgn(r-c.r)==0)return -1;//重合
            return 0;//内含
        }
        if(sgn(r+c.r-d)<0)return 0;//外离
        if(sgn(fabs(r-c.r)-d)>0)return 0;//内含
        double a=(o-c.o).agl();//o1o2极角
        double b=agl(r,c.r,d);
        point p1=getp(a+b),p2=getp(a-b);
        ans.push_back(p1);
        if(p1==p2)return 1;//相切
        ans.push_back(p2);
        return 2;//相交
    }

    int tangent(point p,vector<line>&ans){//过点p做圆的切线
        vct po=o-p;
        double d=p.dis(o);
        if(sgn(d-r)<0)return 0;
        if(sgn(d-r)==0){//点在圆上
            ans.push_back(line(p,po.rot(pi/2)));
            return 1;
        }

        double a=asin(d/r);
        ans.push_back(line(p,po.rot(a)));
        ans.push_back(line(p,po.rot(-a)));
        return 2;
    }
};

int tangent(circle a,circle b,vector<point>&va,vector<point>&vb){//va,vb是切点
    if(a.r<b.r)swap(a,b);//使a半径大
    double d=a.o.dis(b.o);
    double rsub=a.r-b.r;
    double rsum=a.r+b.r;
    if(sgn(rsub-d)>0)return 0;//内含
    if(sgn(d)==0&&sgn(rsub)==0)return -1;//重合

    double base=(b.o-a.o).agl();
    if(sgn(rsub-d)==0){//内切
        va.push_back(a.getp(base));
        vb.push_back(b.getp(base));
        return 1;
    }

    //有外公切线
    double ang=acos((rsub)/d);
    va.push_back(a.getp(base+ang));
    vb.push_back(b.getp(base+ang));
    va.push_back(a.getp(base-ang));
    vb.push_back(b.getp(base-ang));

    if(sgn(d-rsum)==0){//外切,一条内公切线
        va.push_back(a.getp(base));
        vb.push_back(b.getp(base));
        return 3;
    }
    if(sgn(d-rsum)>0){//外离,两条外公切线
        double ang=acos(rsum/d);
        va.push_back(a.getp(base+ang));
        vb.push_back(b.getp(base+ang));
        va.push_back(a.getp(base-ang));
        vb.push_back(b.getp(base-ang));
        return 4;
    }
    return 2;//相交
}
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