oracle11g rman备份文件失踪之谜

于 2019-07-22 13:55:10 发布
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1，rman备份文件失踪之谜

备份文件消失了，每天自动备份后，会删除前一天的备份文件，如下所示，这是怎么回事呢？

 

[root@earth_dbm1 data]# du -sh *
......
12K	2016-06-26
12K	2016-06-27
12K	2016-06-28
12K	2016-06-29
12K	2016-06-30
4.4G	2016-07-01
4.4G	2016-07-02
[root@earth_dbm1 data]#

 

 

 

2，查看备份任务

[root@earth_dbm1data]# more/tmp/oracle_fullback.log

蛮简单的自动备份脚本，每天晚上10点22分开始执行的：

[root@earth_dbm1 data]# crontab -l

10 22 * * */data/backup/scripts/rman_full_backup.sh >> /tmp/oracle_fullback.log 2>&1

[root@earth_dbm1 data]#

 

查看备份的日志，没有异常信息：

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6>7> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> begin to copy thebackup to pd servers.

end to copy the backup to pd server.

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6>7> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> begin to copy thebackup to pd servers.

end to copy the backup to pd server.

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6>7> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> begin to copy thebackup to pd servers.

end to copy the backup to pd server.

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6>7> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> begin to copy thebackup to pd servers.

end to copy the backup to pd server.

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6>7> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> RMAN> begin to copy thebackup to pd servers.

end to copy the backup to pd server.

[root@earth_dbm1data]# 

 

 

3，查看备份脚本日志

去查看备份脚本/data/backup/scripts/rman_full_backup.sh里面的日志rman_backup.log，然后看到如下记录：

 

[root@earth_dbm1 2016-07-01]# more rman_backup.log 

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jul 1 22:10:01 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: POWERDES (DBID=3481287162)

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 

Starting backup at 2016-07-01 22:10:02
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=3798 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1081 RECID=2135 STAMP=915920688
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1082 RECID=2137 STAMP=916034343
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1083 RECID=2139 STAMP=916043040
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1084 RECID=2141 STAMP=916043414
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1085 RECID=2143 STAMP=916070444
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1086 RECID=2144 STAMP=916088108
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1087 RECID=2146 STAMP=916088716
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1088 RECID=2149 STAMP=916088720
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1089 RECID=2151 STAMP=916092604
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:10:04
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:10:19
piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/arch_POWERDES_20160701_167.bak tag=TAG20160701T221004 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_06_30/o1_mf_1_1081_cqbbxjt5_.arc RECID=2135 STAMP=915920688
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1082_cqc5k6wh_.arc RECID=2137 STAMP=916034343
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1083_cqcg0zqf_.arc RECID=2139 STAMP=916043040
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1084_cqcgdpc1_.arc RECID=2141 STAMP=916043414
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1085_cqd8scw3_.arc RECID=2143 STAMP=916070444
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1086_cqdt1d6h_.arc RECID=2144 STAMP=916088108
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1087_cqdtnd0n_.arc RECID=2146 STAMP=916088716
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1088_cqdtnjtk_.arc RECID=2149 STAMP=916088720
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1089_cqdyfvj6_.arc RECID=2151 STAMP=916092604
Finished backup at 2016-07-01 22:10:19

Starting backup at 2016-07-01 22:10:19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:10:20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:24:55
piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/full_POWERDES_20160701_168.bak tag=TAG20160701T221019 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:14:36
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:24:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:24:57
piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/full_POWERDES_20160701_169.bak tag=TAG20160701T221019 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2016-07-01 22:24:57

Starting backup at 2016-07-01 22:24:57
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1090 RECID=2153 STAMP=916093498
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:24:58
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-07-01 22:24:59
piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/arch_POWERDES_20160701_170.bak tag=TAG20160701T222458 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1090_cqdz9tdm_.arc RECID=2153 STAMP=916093498
Finished backup at 2016-07-01 22:24:59

sql statement: alter system archive log current

RMAN> 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_164.bak RECID=164 STAMP=915919808
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_165.bak RECID=165 STAMP=915920684
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/arch_POWERDES_20160630_166.bak RECID=166 STAMP=915920686
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/arch_POWERDES_20160701_167.bak RECID=167 STAMP=916092604
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/full_POWERDES_20160701_168.bak RECID=168 STAMP=916092620
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/full_POWERDES_20160701_169.bak RECID=169 STAMP=916093496
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/arch_POWERDES_20160701_170.bak RECID=170 STAMP=916093498
Crosschecked 7 objects


RMAN> 
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=3798 device type=DISK
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery/EARTH_M1/archivelog/2016_07_01/o1_mf_1_1091_cqdz9wq3_.arc RECID=2155 STAMP=916093500
Crosschecked 1 objects


RMAN> 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
specification does not match any backup in the repository

RMAN> 
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=3798 device type=DISK
specification does not match any archived log in the repository

RMAN> 
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:
Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set           164    2016-06-30 22:24:38
  Backup Piece       164    2016-06-30 22:24:38 /data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_164.bak
Backup Set           165    2016-06-30 22:24:44
  Backup Piece       165    2016-06-30 22:24:44 /data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_165.bak
Backup Set           166    2016-06-30 22:24:46
  Backup Piece       166    2016-06-30 22:24:46 /data/backup/data/2016-06-30/arch_POWERDES_20160630_166.bak
Backup Set           167    2016-07-01 22:10:13
  Backup Piece       167    2016-07-01 22:10:13 /data/backup/data/2016-07-01/arch_POWERDES_20160701_167.bak
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_164.bak RECID=164 STAMP=915919808
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_165.bak RECID=165 STAMP=915920684
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/arch_POWERDES_20160630_166.bak RECID=166 STAMP=915920686
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/data/backup/data/2016-07-01/arch_POWERDES_20160701_167.bak RECID=167 STAMP=916092604
Deleted 4 objects


RMAN> 

Recovery Manager complete.
[root@earth_dbm1 2016-07-01]#

 

 

 

 

从日志文件看到如下信息：

……

Deleting the following obsoletebackups and copies:

……

backup piecehandle=/data/backup/data/2016-06-30/full_POWERDES_20160630_164.bak RECID=164STAMP=915919808

deleted backup piece

……

表明说在备份的过程中，会删除掉以前的备份记录，那么这个是rman的机制造成的，其策略是啥？

 

 

4，问题分析

查询到rman有一个备份管理器，RMAN提供了CONFIGURERETENTION POLICY命令设置备份保存策略，即设置备份文件保留多长时间。RMAN会将超出时间的备份文件标识为废弃（obsolete）。命令REPORT OBSOLETE和DELETE OBSOLETE分别用来查看废弃的文件和删除废弃的文件。RMAN跟踪备份的数据文件、控制文件、归档日志文件，并确定哪些需要保存，哪些需要标记为废弃。但RMAN不自动删除废弃的备份文件。

 

 

然后再去看备份脚本，有delete noprompt obsolete;如下所示：

[root@earth_dbm1data]# crontab -l

10 22 * * * /data/backup/scripts/rman_full_backup.sh  >> /tmp/oracle_fullback.log 2>&1

[root@earth_dbm1data]# more /data/backup/scripts/rman_full_backup.sh

#!/bin/sh

export DATE=`date +%F`

export BACK_DIR='/data/backup/data'

su - oracle -c "

mkdir -p $BACK_DIR/$DATE

rman log=$BACK_DIR/$DATE/rman_backup.log target / <<EOF

run{

        backup as compressed backupset database

                format '$BACK_DIR/$DATE/full_%d_%T_%s.bak'

        plus archivelog

                format '$BACK_DIR/$DATE/arch_%d_%T_%s.bak' delete input;

        sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

crosscheck backup;

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

delete noprompt obsolete;  #删除过期的所有备份记录

exit

EOF

"

su - oracle -c "

chmod 775 $BACK_DIR/$DATE/*

"

 

#cd /home/pdbcakup/

echo "begin to copy the backup to pd servers." >>  /tmp/oracle_fullback.log

#cp -r $BACK_DIR/$DATE /home/pdbcakup

echo "end to copy the backup to pd server." >>  /tmp/oracle_fullback.log

[root@earth_dbm1data]#

 

果然是delete noprompt obsolete;引起的，到此问题已经知道是怎么回事了，设置delete noprompt obsolete;了导致rman备份完后会删除超出失效日期的备份文件，而oracle默认的有效rman备份文件就是一天，所以才会出现每天自动备份完后，以前的备份记录都失踪了。

 

 

 

5，解决问题

解决办法有以下途径：

（1）      去掉delete noprompt obsolete;

（2）      延长rman备份文件的有效期

 

这里采用第二种解决方案，设置rman备份保存时间为60天。

# 新的 RMAN 配置参数

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 60 DAYS;

 

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 60 DAYS;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

 

RMAN>

#已成功存储新的 RMAN 配置参数

 

6，问题解决

第二天然后再等去看备份结果，就可以看到不会再删除昨天的备份了。

[root@earth_dbm1 data]# du -sh *

......

12K  2016-06-26

12K  2016-06-27

12K  2016-06-28

12K  2016-06-29

12K  2016-06-30

4.4G          2016-07-01

4.4G          2016-07-02

[root@earth_dbm1 data]#

 

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