03-012 oracle中xmlagg和listagg

oracle列转换行有如下方法

一、wm_concat

WMSYS.WM_CONCAT: 依赖WMSYS 用户,不同oracle环境时可能用不了,返回类型为CLOB,可用substr截取长度后to_char转化为字符类型
1、语法

wm_concat()

实例如下

select wm_concat(distinct vendor) from ams_asset_info 

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二、XMLAGG函数

效果和wm_concat一样,但是性能不一样,XMLAGG排序一下,性能会快一些
1、语法

1.1、xmlagg(xmlparse(content(合并字段)||’,’ wellformed) order by 排序字段).getclobval()
1.2、XMLAGG(XMLELEMENT(e, 合并字段, ‘,’).extract(’//text()’))

//1.1

with temp as(  
select 'China' nation ,'HeNan' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Shanghai' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Beijing' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'New York' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'Bostom' city from dual union all  
select 'India' nation ,'New Delhi' city from dual   
)  
select XMLAGG(xmlparse(content(city)||',' wellformed) order by nation).getclobval() as city
from temp  
group by nation

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//1.2

with temp as(  
select 'China' nation ,'HeNan' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Shanghai' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Beijing' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'New York' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'Bostom' city from dual union all  
select 'India' nation ,'New Delhi' city from dual   
)  
select XMLAGG(XMLELEMENT(e,city,',').extract('//text()')).getClobVal() as Cities
from temp  
group by nation

在这里插入图片描述

oracle列转行函数还有listagg,也可以用sys_connect_by_path来做,具体根据需求来

三、listagg

LISTAGG : 11g2才提供的函数,不支持distinct,拼接长度不能大于4000,函数返回为varchar2类型,最大长度为4000。当查询较慢时,使用listagg代替wm_concat
1、语法

LISTAGG( [,]) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ) [OVER (PARTITION BY )]

//1.1
LISTAGG( [,]) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY )

with temp as(  
select 'China' nation ,'HeNan' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Shanghai' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Beijing' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'New York' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'Bostom' city from dual union all  
select 'India' nation ,'New Delhi' city from dual   
)  
select 
listagg(city,',') within GROUP (order by city)  as Cities
from temp  

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//1.2
LISTAGG( [,]) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ) OVER (PARTITION BY )

with temp as(  
select 'China' nation ,'HeNan' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Shanghai' city from dual union all  
select 'China' nation ,'Beijing' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'New York' city from dual union all  
select 'USA' nation ,'Bostom' city from dual union all  
select 'India' nation ,'New Delhi' city from dual   
)  
select 
distinct nation,
listagg(city,',') within GROUP (order by city) over(partition by nation)  as Cities
from temp  

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Oracle中,如果使用listagg函数拼接的记录太多,会导致返回的字符串长度过长,从而报错。这是因为listagg函数返回的类型为varchar,最大长度为4000。当长度超过4000时,会报错ora-01489 result of String concatenation is too long。为了解决这个问题,可以使用以下两种方法: 1.使用XMLAGG函数代替listagg函数,将结果转换为XML格式,然后再将XML转换为字符串。这种方法可以避免字符串长度过长的问题,但是需要进行额外的转换操作,可能会影响性能。 ```sql SELECT RTRIM(XMLAGG(XMLELEMENT(E, column_name, ',')).EXTRACT('//text()'),',') AS column_names FROM table_name; ``` 2.使用自定义聚合函数来代替listagg函数,这种方法可以自定义返回类型最大长度,从而避免字符串长度过长的问题。 ```sql CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE string_agg_type AS OBJECT ( total VARCHAR2(32767), STATIC FUNCTION ODCIAggregateInitialize(sctx IN OUT string_agg_type) RETURN NUMBER, MEMBER FUNCTION ODCIAggregateIterate(self IN OUT string_agg_type, value IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER, MEMBER FUNCTION ODCIAggregateTerminate(self IN string_agg_type, returnValue OUT VARCHAR2, flags IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER, MEMBER FUNCTION ODCIAggregateMerge(self IN OUT string_agg_type, ctx2 IN string_agg_type) RETURN NUMBER ); / CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY string_agg_type IS STATIC FUNCTION ODCIAggregateInitialize(sctx IN OUT string_agg_type) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN sctx := string_agg_type(NULL); RETURN ODCIConst.Success; END; MEMBER FUNCTION ODCIAggregateIterate(self IN OUT string_agg_type, value IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN IF (self.total IS NULL) THEN self.total := value; ELSE self.total := self.total || ',' || value; END IF; RETURN ODCIConst.Success; END; MEMBER FUNCTION ODCIAggregateTerminate(self IN string_agg_type, returnValue OUT VARCHAR2, flags IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN returnValue := self.total; RETURN ODCIConst.Success; END; MEMBER FUNCTION ODCIAggregateMerge(self IN OUT string_agg_type, ctx2 IN string_agg_type) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN IF (ctx2.total IS NOT NULL) THEN IF (self.total IS NULL) THEN self.total := ctx2.total; ELSE self.total := self.total || ',' || ctx2.total; END IF; END IF; RETURN ODCIConst.Success; END; END; / CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION string_agg(input VARCHAR2, max_length NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 PARALLEL_ENABLE AGGREGATE USING string_agg_type; ``` 使用自定义聚合函数的示例: ```sql SELECT string_agg(column_name, 4000) AS column_names FROM table_name; ```
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