安装MySQL8.4.4

1. 官网

1.1. 概述

        本文只针对MySQL 8.4版本、Navicat Premium 17版本。

1.2. 官网下载地址

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

1.3. 版本/安装包选择

安装方式有两种。

1. mysql-8.4.4-winx64.msi。使用安装包根据安装指引进行安装。
2. mysql-8.4.4-winx64.zip。使用压缩包解压自行安装。

2. 安装MySQL

2.1. mysql-8.4.4-winx64.msi方式安装

2.1.1. 安装步骤

1）双击mysql-8.4.4-winx64.msi文件，进入安装窗口。

2）点击【Next】。

3）先勾选“I accept the terms in the License Agreement”。再点击【Next】。

4）点击【Custom】。

5）若要修改安装路径，则点击【Browse...】，设置新的安装路径（例：D:\Program\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.4）。点击【Next】。

6）点击【Install】。

7）等待安装结束，（默认勾选“Run MySQL Configurator”），点击【Finish】。等待进入“MySQL Server Configurator”引导窗口。

2.1.2. 服务配置

1）进入“MySQL Server Configurator”引导窗口。点击【Next】。

2）设置数据存储路径，与安装路径保持一致。点击【Next】。

3）点击【Next】。

4）在MySQl Root Password和Repeat Password处输入密码（例：root）。点击【Next】。

5）点击【Next】。

6）点击【Next】。

7）点击【Next】。

8）点击【Execute】，等待所有配置完成。

9）点击【Next】。

10）点击【Finish】。

2.2. mysql-8.4.4-winx64.zip方式安装

2.2.1. 服务配置

创建一个my.txt文件，将下面的文本复制到my.txt中。其中，需要修改两个关键内容：安装目录（basedir）和数据存放路径（datadir）。

basedir="D:/Program/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.4"
datadir=D:/Program/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.4\Data

之后将将my.txt重命名为my.ini。

# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
#
[client]

# pipe=

# socket=MYSQL

port=3306

[mysql]
no-beep

# default-character-set=

# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this 
# file.
#
[mysqld]

# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
# skip-networking
# enable-named-pipe
# shared-memory

# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL

# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use.
# socket=MYSQL

# The access control granted to clients on the named pipe created by the MySQL Server.
# named-pipe-full-access-group=

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306

# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir="D:/Program/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.4"

# Path to the database root
datadir=D:/Program/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.4\Data

# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
# character-set-server=

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB

# The current server SQL mode, which can be set dynamically.
# Modes affect the SQL syntax MySQL supports and the data validation checks it performs. This 
# makes it easier to use MySQL in different environments and to use MySQL together with other 
# database servers.
sql-mode="ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

# General and Slow logging.
log-output=FILE

general-log=0

general_log_file="MEI.log"

slow-query-log=1

slow_query_log_file="MEI-slow.log"

long_query_time=10

# Error Logging.
log-error="MEI.err"

# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Specifies the base name to use for binary log files. With binary logging
# enabled, the server logs all statements that change data to the binary
# log, which is used for backup and replication.
log-bin="MEI-bin"

# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Specifies the server ID. For servers that are used in a replication topology,
# you must specify a unique server ID for each replication server, in the
# range from 1 to 2^32 − 1. "Unique" means that each ID must be different
# from every other ID in use by any other source or replica.
server-id=1

# Indicates how table and database names are stored on disk and used in MySQL.
# Value 0 = Table and database names are stored on disk using the lettercase specified in the CREATE 
#           TABLE or CREATE DATABASE statement. Name comparisons are case-sensitive. You should not 
#           set this variable to 0 if you are running MySQL on a system that has case-insensitive file 
#           names (such as Windows or macOS). If you force this variable to 0 with 
#           --lower-case-table-names=0 on a case-insensitive file system and access MyISAM tablenames 
#           using different lettercases, index corruption may result.
# Value 1 = Table names are stored in lowercase on disk and name comparisons are not case-sensitive. 
#           MySQL converts all table names to lowercase on storage and lookup. This behavior also applies 
#           to database names and table aliases.
# Value 2 = Table and database names are stored on disk using the lettercase specified in the CREATE TABLE 
#           or CREATE DATABASE statement, but MySQL converts them to lowercase on lookup. Name comparisons 
#           are not case-sensitive. This works only on file systems that are not case-sensitive! InnoDB 
#           table names and view names are stored in lowercase, as for lower_case_table_names=1.
lower_case_table_names=1

# This variable is used to limit the effect of data import and export operations, such as 
# those performed by the LOAD DATA and SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE statements and the 
# LOAD_FILE() function. These operations are permitted only to users who have the FILE privilege.
secure-file-priv="D:/Program/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.4/Uploads"

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=151

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value increases the number 
# of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
table_open_cache=4000

# Defines the maximum amount of memory that can be occupied by the TempTable 
# storage engine before it starts storing data on disk.
temptable_max_ram=1G

# Defines the maximum size of internal in-memory temporary tables created 
# by the MEMORY storage engine and, as of MySQL 8.0.28, the TempTable storage 
# engine. If an internal in-memory temporary table exceeds this size, it is 
# automatically converted to an on-disk internal temporary table.
tmp_table_size=31M

# The storage engine for in-memory internal temporary tables (see Section 8.4.4, "Internal 
# Temporary Table Use in MySQL"). Permitted values are TempTable (the default) and MEMORY.
internal_tmp_mem_storage_engine=TempTable

#*** MyISAM Specific options
# The maximum size of the temporary file that MySQL is permitted to use while re-creating a 
# MyISAM index (during REPAIR TABLE, ALTER TABLE, or LOAD DATA). If the file size would be 
# larger than this value, the index is created using the key cache instead, which is slower. 
# The value is given in bytes.
myisam_max_sort_file_size=2146435072

# The size of the buffer that is allocated when sorting MyISAM indexes during a REPAIR TABLE 
# or when creating indexes with CREATE INDEX or ALTER TABLE.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=54M

# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=8M

# Each thread that does a sequential scan for a MyISAM table allocates a buffer 
# of this size (in bytes) for each table it scans. If you do many sequential 
# scans, you might want to increase this value, which defaults to 131072. The 
# value of this variable should be a multiple of 4KB. If it is set to a value 
# that is not a multiple of 4KB, its value is rounded down to the nearest multiple 
# of 4KB.
read_buffer_size=109K

# This variable is used for reads from MyISAM tables, and, for any storage engine, 
# for Multi-Range Read optimization.
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K

#*** INNODB Specific options ***
# innodb_data_home_dir=

# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
# skip-innodb

# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# The size in bytes of the buffer that InnoDB uses to write to the log files on 
# disk. The default value changed from 8MB to 16MB with the introduction of 32KB 
# and 64KB innodb_page_size values. A large log buffer enables large transactions 
# to run without the need to write the log to disk before the transactions commit. 
# Thus, if you have transactions that update, insert, or delete many rows, making 
# the log buffer larger saves disk I/O.
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M

# The size in bytes of the buffer pool, the memory area where InnoDB caches table 
# and index data. The default value is 134217728 bytes (128MB). The maximum value 
# depends on the CPU architecture; the maximum is 4294967295 (232-1) on 32-bit systems 
# and 18446744073709551615 (264-1) on 64-bit systems. On 32-bit systems, the CPU 
# architecture and operating system may impose a lower practical maximum size than the 
# stated maximum. When the size of the buffer pool is greater than 1GB, setting 
# innodb_buffer_pool_instances to a value greater than 1 can improve the scalability on 
# a busy server.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M

# Defines the amount of disk space occupied by redo log files. This variable supersedes the 
# innodb_log_files_in_group and innodb_log_file_size variables. 
innodb_redo_log_capacity=100M

# Defines the maximum number of threads permitted inside of InnoDB. A value 
# of 0 (the default) is interpreted as infinite concurrency (no limit). This 
# variable is intended for performance tuning on high concurrency systems.
# InnoDB tries to keep the number of threads inside InnoDB less than or equal to 
# the innodb_thread_concurrency limit. Once the limit is reached, additional threads 
# are placed into a "First In, First Out" (FIFO) queue for waiting threads. Threads 
# waiting for locks are not counted in the number of concurrently executing threads.
innodb_thread_concurrency=33

# The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full.
innodb_autoextend_increment=64

# The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into.
# For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency,
# by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages.
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

# Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently.
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000

# Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before
# it can be moved to the new sublist.
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000

# When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements.
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0

# When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table
# in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace.
innodb_file_per_table=1

# Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none.
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0

# If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and
# synchronize unflushed data to disk.
# This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources.
flush_time=0

# The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use
# indexes and thus perform full table scans.
join_buffer_size=256K

# The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the
# mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function.
max_allowed_packet=64M

# If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection,
# the server blocks that host from performing further connections.
max_connect_errors=100

# The number of file descriptors available to mysqld from the operating system
# Try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives the error "Too many open files".
open_files_limit=8161

# If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the
# sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization
# or improved indexing.
sort_buffer_size=256K

# Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes.
# Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K


# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replica synchronizes its master.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_source_info events.
sync_source_info=10000

# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log.
sync_relay_log=10000

# Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y".
# plugin_load

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server X Protocol will listen on.

2.2.2. 安装步骤

1）解压mysql-8.4.4-winx64.zip文件至安装目录（例：D:\Program\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.4）。

2）将my.ini文件移动到安装目录。

3）以管理员身份打开终端。切换到bin目录下。

cd /d D:\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.4\bin         // 切换命令

4）执行“mysqld --initialize-insecure”，初始化数据库。

mysqld --initialize-insecure

如果报错“由于找不到vcruntime140_1.dll......”，则需要安装VC_redist.x64.exe后，再初始化数据库。

VC_redist.x64官网下载地址最新受支持的 Visual C++ 可再发行程序包下载 | Microsoft Learn本文列出了最新版本的 Visual C++ 可再发行程序包的下载链接。https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/windows/latest-supported-vc-redist?view=msvc-170&source=recommendations

初始化完成后，安装目录下会多出一个Data文件夹。

5）执行“mysqld --install”。安装服务。

mysqld --install

6）执行“net start mysql”，启动服务。

net start mysql

7）按照下面“3. 配置系统环境变量”完成系统环境变量配置。

① 登录数据库。

        WIN+R，输入“cmd”，回车，打开命令行窗口。输入“mysql -u root -p”，回车，无需输入密码，直接回车。

② 设置密码。

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码'; 

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root'; 

3. 配置系统环境变量

1）打开系统变量窗口，选中“Path”，点击【编辑】。

2）点击【新建】，添加“安装路径+\bin”（例：D:\Program\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.4\bin）。点击【确定】。

4. 使用命令行窗口登录数据库

WIN+R，输入“cmd”，回车，打开命令行窗口。输入“mysql -u root -p”，回车，再输入密码（例：root），回车。

4.1. 常用命令

mysql --version         // 查看MySQL版本
mysql -u root -p        // 登录MySQL

5. 安装Navicat Premium

5.1. 安装准备

1）下载Navicat Premium安装包。Navicat | 产品查看完整的 Navicat 产品列表，包括最佳数据库管理工具 Navicat、Navicat Monitor、Navicat BI、Navicat Collaboration 和 Navicat Data Modeler。https://www.navicat.com.cn/products2）下载Navicat Premium 17工具
百度网盘 请输入提取码百度网盘为您提供文件的网络备份、同步和分享服务。空间大、速度快、安全稳固，支持教育网加速，支持手机端。注册使用百度网盘即可享受免费存储空间https://pan.baidu.com/s/1C9cggl58Uwsv47dWNxr4pA?pwd=m5bg#list/path=%2F5.2. 安装步骤

1）双击navicat17_premium_cs_x64.exe文件。

2）点击【下一步】。

3）勾选“我同意”，点击【下一步】。

4）若要修改安装路径，则点击【浏览(r)...】，设置新的安装路径（例：D:\Program\PremiumSoft\Navicat Premium 17）。点击【下一步】。

5）默认勾选“Create a desktop icon”，点击【下一步】。

6）点击【安装】，等待安装结束。

7）点击【完成】。注意：此时不要启动Navicat Premium。

8）将winmm.dll复制到安装目录下，再启动Navicat Premium。