JavaScript - Changing CSS

Quiz

Changing CSS with JavaScript

JavaScript allows you to change the CSS of the HTML element dynamically.

When HTML gets loaded in the browser, it creates a DOM tree. The DOM tree contains each HTML element in the object format. Furthermore, each HTML element object contains the 'style' object as a property. Here, a 'style' object contains various properties like color, backgroundcolor, etc., to change or get the element's style.

So, you can use various properties of the 'style' object to change the style of the particular HTML element.

Syntax

Follow the syntax below to change the CSS of the HTML element.

element.style.property = value;

In the above syntax, 'element' is an HTML element, which you need to access from the DOM tree. The 'property' is a CSS property, and the 'value' can be static or dynamic.

For example, you can change an element's background color or font size by setting the corresponding properties on its Style Object. The best usage of this approach is for implementing dynamic behaviors, such as animations, transitions, and real-time updates to the user interface. Let's see this in practical −

HTML DOM Style Object

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Example: Changing the style of the HTML element

We have applied the initial style to the div element in the code below. In JavaScript, we change the div element's background color using the style object's 'backgroundColor' property.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <style>
    div {
      background-color: blue;
      width: 700px;
      height: 100px;
      color: white;
    }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <div id = "square"> Changing the color of this Div. </div> <br>
  <button onclick="changeColor()"> Change Color </button>
  <script>
    function changeColor() {
      let square = document.getElementById('square');
      square.style.backgroundColor = 'red';
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Changing Style of the Element When Event Triggers

You can also change the style of the element when a particular event triggers.

Example

In the below code, we added the 'click' event to the <div> element. When users click the button, it changes the background color of the div element.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <style>
    div {
      width: 700px;
      height: 100px;
      color: white;
      background-color: orange;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div id = "square"> Click Me </div> <br>
  <script>
    const square = document.getElementById('square');
    square.addEventListener('click', () => {
      square.style.backgroundColor = 'green';
      square.style.fontSize = "25px";
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Changing CSS of HTML elements Dynamically

You can also change the CSS of the HTML element dynamically. You can assign values using the variables.

Example

We have added the default style to the <div> element in the code below.

Also, we have created multiple radio buttons. When users select any radio button, it changes the style of the div element accordingly.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
  p {
    width: 700px;
    height: 100px;
    color: white;
    background-color: blue;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div><p id = "square">Select any of the following colors to change the background color</p></div>
<div>Yellow: <input type = "radio" id = "yellow" name = "color"></div>
<div>Green: <input type = "radio" id = "green" name = "color"></div>
<div>Red: <input type = "radio" id = "red" name = "color"></div>
<script>
  let square = document.getElementById('square');
  //    Changing the style when radio button changes
  let colors = document.getElementsByName('color');
  for (let i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
    colors[i].addEventListener('change', function () {
      square.style.backgroundColor = this.id;
    });
 }
</script>
</body>
</html>

List of JavaScript DOM Style Object Properties

Following is a list of properties provided by JavaScript DOM Style Object −

Sr.No	Properties & Description
1	alignContent It aligns the flexible container's item on the cross-axis or vertical axis when they do not use all available spaces.
2	alignItems It sets the default alignment of items inside a flexible container.
3	alignSelf It sets the default alignment of a single flex item along the cross axis within a flexible container.
4	animation It define the desired styles.
5	animationDelay It sets the delay time in seconds or milliseconds after which animation should start.
6	animationDirection It sets the direction of animation.
7	animationDuration It specifies the time it takes for an animation to complete one cycle.
8	animationFillMode It specifies the style of an element when the animation is not playing, has ended, or contains a delay.
9	animationIterationCount It sets or returns the number of times an animation should be played.
10	animationName It gets or sets the animation name for @keyframes animation.
11	animationTimingFunction It specifies the speed curve of an animation.
12	animationPlayState It specifies whether an animation is running or paused.
13	background It sets or returns up to 8 separate background properties of an element.
14	backgroundAttachment It sets or returns whether the background image should scroll with the content or remain fixed.
15	backgroundColor It sets or returns the background color of an element.
16	backgroundImage It sets or returns the background image of an element.
17	backgroundPosition It sets or returns the position of the background image of an element.
18	backgroundRepeat It sets or returns how a background image is to be repeated.
19	backgroundClip It sets or returns the painting area of the background.
20	backgroundOrigin It sets or returns the relative position of a background image with respect to padding, border, and content.
21	backgroundSize It sets or returns the size of the background image.
22	backfaceVisibility It specifies whether the element should be visible or not when it's not facing the screen.
23	border It sets or returns the border properties of an element.
24	borderBottom It sets or returns the border-bottom properties of an element.
25	borderBottomColor It sets or returns the color of the bottom border of an element.
26	borderBottomLeftRadius It sets or returns the radius of the bottom border of the left corner.
27	borderBottomRightRadius It sets or returns the radius of the bottom border of the right corner.
28	borderBottomStyle It sets or returns the border-bottom style of an element.
29	borderBottomWidth It sets or returns the border-bottom width of the element.
30	borderCollapse It specifies whether table cell elements should have separate borders or share a single border that is collapsed into a single border.
31	borderColor It sets or returns the border color of an element.
32	borderImage It sets or returns the border image of an element.
33	borderImageOutset It specifies the border image area amount by which it extends beyond the border box.
34	borderImageRepeat It sets or returns whether the image border should be rounded, repeated, or stretched.
35	borderImageSlice It specifies the inward offsets of the image border.
36	borderImageSource It sets or returns the source of the image to be used as a border image for an element.
37	borderImageWidth It sets or returns the width of the image border.
38	borderLeft It sets or returns the left border properties of an element.
39	borderLeftColor It sets or returns the color of the left border of an element.
40	borderLeftStyle It sets or returns the left border style of an element.
41	borderLeftWidth It sets or returns the left border width of the element.
42	borderRadius It sets or returns four different border-radius properties.
43	borderRight It sets or returns the right border properties of an element.
44	borderRightColor It sets or returns the color of the right border of an element.
45	borderRightStyle It sets or returns the right border style of an element.
46	borderRightWidth It sets or returns the right border width of the element.
47	borderSpacing It sets or returns the space between cells in the table.
48	borderStyle It sets or returns the border style of an element.
49	borderTop It sets or returns the top border properties of an element.
50	borderTopColor It sets or returns the color of the top border of an element.
51	borderTopLeftRadius It sets or returns the border radius of the top left corner.
52	borderTopRightRadius It sets or returns the border radius of the top right corner.
53	borderTopStyle It sets or returns the top border style of an element.
54	borderTopWidth It sets or returns the top border width of the element.
55	borderWidth It sets or returns the border width of the element.
56	bottom It sets or returns the bottom position of a positioned element.
57	boxShadow It sets or gets the shadow around or inside the element's frame.
58	boxSizing It specifies the way an element's total width and height is calculated.
59	captionSide It sets or returns the table caption position.
60	caretColor It sets or gets the cursor color of any editable element, in inputs or areas.
61	clear It sets or gets the relative position of a specific element with respect to floating objects.
62	clip It sets or gets the visible part of a positioned element.
63	color It sets or gets the text color of the selected element.
64	columnCount It specifies the number of columns into which an element should be divided.
65	columnFill It specifies how contents will be arranged in columns when broken into various columns.
66	columnGap It specifies the gap between the columns.
67	columnRule It sets or returns column rule properties.
68	columnRuleColor It sets or gets the rule color between columns.
69	columnRuleStyle It sets or gets the rule style between the columns.
70	columnRuleWidth It sets or gets the rule width between the columns.
71	columns It sets the column Width and column Count.
72	columnSpan It defines the number of columns on which an element should span across.
73	columnWidth It sets or gets the width of the columns.
74	counterIncrement It defines the number of counters to be increased on each occurrence of any selector.
75	counterReset It creates or resets the Counter.
76	cursor It sets or gets the type of cursor to be displayed for the mouse pointer.
77	direction It sets or gets the text direction of an element.
78	display It sets or returns the display type of an element.
79	emptyCells It sets or gets whether to display or not the border and background property of empty cells.
80	filter It adds filters or visual effects to an image.
81	flex It sets or gets whether to display or not the border and background property of empty cells.
82	flexBasis It sets or returns the initial length of a flexible item.
83	flexDirection It sets or returns the direction of placement of flex elements.
84	flexFlow It specifies the direction of the flexible items and flex-wrap specifies whether the flexible items should be wrapped.
85	flexGrow It specifies the growth of an item relative to the rest of the flexible items inside the same container.
86	flexShrink It specifies how much the item will shrink relative to the rest of the flexible items inside the same container.
87	flexWrap It specifies whether flexible items should be wrapped.
88	cssFloat It sets or returns the horizontal alignment of an element.
89	font It sets or returns font properties.
90	fontFamily It sets or returns a list of font-family names and generic-family names for text in an element.
91	fontSize It sets or returns the font size of the text.
92	fontStyle It sets or returns the font style of an element.
93	fontVariant It sets or returns texts in small and capital letters.
94	fontWeight It sets or returns the font-weight property which specifies the thickness of characters in a word.
95	fontSizeAdjust It sets or returns the font aspect value of the text.
96	height It sets or returns the height of an element.
97	isolation It specifies whether an element must create a new stacking content.
98	justifyContent It sets or returns the alignment of flex items on the main axis or horizontally when they do not use all the available spaces.
99	left It sets or returns the left position of a positioned element.
100	letterSpacing It sets or returns the space between characters of text.
101	lineHeight It sets or returns the distance between lines in a text.
102	listStyle It sets or returns the following three properties.
103	listStylePosition It positions the list item marker.
104	listStyleImage It sets an image as a list item marker.
105	listStyleType It sets or gets the marker type of list items.
106	margin It sets or returns the margins of an element.
107	marginBottom It sets or returns the bottom margin of an element.
108	marginLeft It sets or returns the left margin of an element.
109	marginRight It sets or returns the right margin of an element.
110	marginTop It sets or returns the top margin of an element.
111	maxHeight It sets or returns the maximum height of an element.
112	maxWidth It sets or returns the maximum width of an element.
113	minHeight It sets or returns the minimum height of an element.
114	minWidth It sets or returns the minimum width of an element.
115	objectFit It sets or returns how an image or video is to be resized to fit its container.
116	objectPosition It defines how an image or video should be positioned in its content box.
117	opacity It sets or returns the opacity level or transparency level of an element where 0 represents completely transparent and 1 represents not transparent at all.
118	order It sets or returns the order of the flexible items relative to flex items in the same container.
119	orphans It sets or returns the minimum number of lines visible at the bottom of the page for an element.
120	outline It sets or returns the following three outline properties.
121	outlineColor It sets or returns the outline color around an element.
122	outlineOffset It sets or returns an outline offset and draws it beyond the border edge.
123	outlineStyle It sets or returns the outline style around an element.
124	outlineWidth It sets or returns the outline width of the element.
125	overflow It decides on what to do with the content which does not fit inside the element box.
126	overflowX It decides what to do with the left and right edges of content if it does not fit inside the element box.
127	overflowY It decides what to do with the top and bottom edges of content if it does not fit inside the element box.
128	padding It sets or returns the padding of an element.
129	paddingBottom It sets or returns the bottom padding of an element.
130	paddingLeft It sets or returns the left padding of an element.
131	paddingRight It sets or returns the right padding of an element.
132	paddingTop It sets or returns the top padding of an element.
133	pageBreakAfter It sets or returns the page break behavior after an element during print or print preview.
134	pageBreakBefore It sets or returns the page break behavior before an element during print or print preview.
135	pageBreakInside It sets or returns page break behavior inside an element during print or print preview.
136	perspective It specifies the distance that, how far an element is placed from the z=0 plane to provide a 3D view of an element.
137	perspectiveOrigin It sets the position of a 3D element using the x-axis and y-axis.
138	position It sets or returns the type of positioning method used on any element.
139	quotes It sets or returns the type of quotation marks for embedded quotations.
140	resize It specifies whether a user can resize or change the height and width of an element or not.
141	right It sets or returns the right position of a positioned element including padding, scrollbar, border, and margin.
142	scrollBehavior It specifies a smooth scroll effect instead of scrolling instantly when the user clicks on a link within the scrollable box.
143	tableLayout It sets or returns the way table cells, rows, and columns are laid out in an HTML document.
144	tabSize It sets or returns the length of the space used for the tab character.
145	textAlign It sets or returns the horizontal alignment of text content inside the block-level element.
146	textAlignLast It sets or returns the alignment of the last line of text.
147	textDecoration It sets the textDecorationLine, textDecorationStyle, and the textDecorationColor properties.
148	textDecorationColor It sets or returns the color of text decoration like overline, underline, and line-through.
149	textDecorationLine It specifies the type of line the decoration will have.
150	textDecorationStyle It sets or returns the style of text decoration line like it can be displayed as solid, dashed, dotted, or wavy.
151	textIndent It sets or returns the indentation of the first line of text.
152	textOverflow It specifies the behavior of text when it overflows the containing element.
153	textShadow It sets or returns one or more text-shadow effects.
154	textTransform It sets or returns the capitalization of text.
155	top It sets or returns the top position of apositionedelement including margin, border, padding, and scrollbar.
156	transform It applies a 2D or 3D transformation to transform the object.
157	transformOrigin It allows the user to change the position of transformed elements.
158	transformStyle It specifies whether child elements are positioned in 3D space or flattened with respect to the plane of the parent element.
159	transition It adds an animation-like effect while changing the CSS property of any block-level element when hovered over it.
160	transitionDelay It sets or returns the delay time in seconds or milliseconds after which the transition effect will start.
161	transitionDuration It sets or returns the amount of time in seconds or milliseconds, that a transition effect takes to complete.
162	transitionProperty It specifies the CSS property name on which the transition effect will be applied.
163	transitionTimingFunction It sets or returns the speed curve of the transition effect.
164	unicodeBidi It specifies how bidirectional text in a document is displayed.
165	userSelect It sets or returns whether the text can be selected by the user or not.
166	verticalAlign It sets or returns the vertical alignment of the content in an element.
167	visibility It sets or returns whether an element should be visible or not.
168	whiteSpace It sets or returns the way how whitespaces are being handled in a text.
169	width It sets or returns the width of an element.
170	window It sets or returns the minimum number of lines visible at the top of the page for an element.
171	wordBreak It specifies how words should break when they reach at end of the line except for CJK (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) scripts.
172	wordSpacing It sets or returns spacing between words of the sentences.
173	wordWrap It sets or returns whether long words should be broken to wrap onto the next line.
174	zIndex It sets the z-order of a positioned element.

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