Go - Strings

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Strings, which are widely used in Go programming, are a readonly slice of bytes. In the Go programming language, strings are slices. The Go platform provides various libraries to manipulate strings.

• unicode
• regexp
• strings

Creating Strings

The most direct way to create a string is to write −

var greeting = "Hello world!"

Whenever it encounters a string literal in your code, the compiler creates a string object with its value in this case, "Hello world!'.

A string literal holds a valid UTF-8 sequences called runes. A String holds arbitrary bytes.

Example

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
   var greeting =  "Hello world!"
   
   fmt.Printf("normal string: ")
   fmt.Printf("%s", greeting)
   fmt.Printf("\n")
   fmt.Printf("hex bytes: ")
   
   for i := 0; i < len(greeting); i++ {
       fmt.Printf("%x ", greeting[i])
   }
   
   fmt.Printf("\n")
   const sampleText = "\xbd\xb2\x3d\xbc\x20\xe2\x8c\x98" 
   
   /*q flag escapes unprintable characters, with + flag it escapses non-ascii 
   characters as well to make output unambigous */
   fmt.Printf("quoted string: ")
   fmt.Printf("%+q", sampleText)
   fmt.Printf("\n")  
}

This would produce the following result −

normal string: Hello world!
hex bytes: 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 
quoted string: "\xbd\xb2=\xbc \u2318"

Note − The string literal is immutable, so that once it is created a string literal cannot be changed.

Finding String Length

The len(str) method returns the number of bytes contained in the string literal.

Example

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
   var greeting =  "Hello world!"
   
   fmt.Printf("String Length is: ")
   fmt.Println(len(greeting))  
}

This would produce the following result −

String Length is : 12

Concatenating Strings

The strings package includes a method join for concatenating multiple strings −

strings.Join(sample, " ")

Join concatenates the elements of an array to create a single string. Second parameter is seperator which is placed between element of the array.

Example

Let us look at the following example −

package main

import ("fmt" "math" )"fmt" "strings")

func main() {
   greetings :=  []string{"Hello","world!"}   
   fmt.Println(strings.Join(greetings, " "))
}

This would produce the following result −

Hello world!

Iterate Over String Characters

You can iterate through each character of a string using a for loop with the range keyword. By using this, you can access both the index and the character.

Example

The following example demonstrates how you can iterate over the string characters:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    str := "TutorialsPoint"
    for index, char := range str {
        fmt.Printf("Index: %d, Character: %c\n", index, char)
    }
}

This would produce the following result −

Index: 0, Character: T
Index: 1, Character: u
Index: 2, Character: t
Index: 3, Character: o
Index: 4, Character: r
Index: 5, Character: i
Index: 6, Character: a
Index: 7, Character: l
Index: 8, Character: s
Index: 9, Character: P
Index: 10, Character: o
Index: 11, Character: i
Index: 12, Character: n
Index: 13, Character: t