Linux Commands List with Examples
Managing packages
python
apt update
apt list
apt install nano
apt remove nano
Navigating the file system
python
pwd # to print the working directory
ls # to list the files and directories
ls -l # to print a long list
cd / # to go to the root directory
cd bin # to go to the bin directory
cd .. # to go one level up
cd ~ # to go to the home directory
Manipulating files and directories
python
mkdir test # to create the test directory
mv test docker # to rename a directory
touch file.txt # to create file.txt
mv file.txt hello.txt # to rename a file
rm hello.txt # to remove a file
rm -r docker # to recursively remove a directory
Editing and viewing files
python
nano file.txt # to edit file.txt
cat file.txt # to view file.txt
less file.txt # to view with scrolling capabilities
head file.txt # to view the first 10 lines
head -n 5 file.txt # to view the first 5 lines
tail file.txt # to view the last 10 lines
tail -n 5 file.txt # to view the last 5 lines
Searching for text
python
grep hello file.txt # to search for hello in file.txt
grep -i hello file.txt # case-insensitive search
grep -i hello file*.txt # to search in files with a pattern
grep -i -r hello . # to search in the current directory
Finding files and directories
python
find # to list all files and directories
find -type d # to list directories only
find -type f # to list files only
find -name “f*” # to filter by name using a pattern
Managing environment variables
python
printenv # to list all variables and their value
printenv PATH # to view the value of PATH
echo $PATH # to view the value of PATH
export name=bob # to set a variable in the current session
Managing processes
python
ps # to list the running processes
kill 37 # to kill the process with ID 37
Managing users and groups
python
useradd -m john # to create a user with a home directory
adduser john # to add a user interactively
usermod # to modify a user
userdel # to delete a user
groupadd devs # to create a group
groups john # to view the groups for john
groupmod # to modify a group
groupdel # to delete a group
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