About custom queries and the CodeQL CLI
You can customize your CodeQL analyses by writing your own queries to highlight specific vulnerabilities or errors.
This topic is specifically about writing queries to use with the database analyze command to produce interpreted results.
注意
使用 database analyze 运行的查询具有严格的元数据要求。 还可使用以下管道级子命令执行查询：
- database run-queries：以称为 BQRS 的中间二进制格式输出非解释结果。
- query run：将输出 BQRS 文件，或将结果表直接输出到命令行。 直接在命令行中查看结果对于使用 CLI 进行迭代查询开发可能很有用。
使用这些命令运行的查询具有不同的元数据要求。 但是，若要保存人类可读数据，必须使用 bqrs decode 管道子命令处理每个 BQRS 结果文件。 因此，对于大多数用例，最简单的方法是使用数据库分析直接生成解释结果。
Writing a valid query
Before running a custom analysis you need to write a valid query, and save it in a file with a .ql extension. There is extensive documentation available to help you write queries. For more information, see CodeQL queries.
Including query metadata
Query metadata is included at the top of each query file. It provides users with information about the query, and tells the CodeQL CLI how to process the query results.
When running queries with the database analyze command, you must include the following two properties to ensure that the results are interpreted correctly:
-
Query identifier (
@id): a sequence of words composed of lowercase letters or digits, delimited by/or-, identifying and classifying the query. -
Query type (
@kind): identifies the query as a simple alert (@kind problem), an alert documented by a sequence of code locations (@kind path-problem), for extractor troubleshooting (@kind diagnostic), or a summary metric (@kind metricand@tags summary).
For more information about these metadata properties, see Metadata for CodeQL queries and the Query metadata style guide.
注意
Metadata requirements may differ if you want to use your query with other applications. For more information, see Metadata for CodeQL queries.
Packaging custom QL queries
When you write your own queries with the intention to share them with others, you should save them in a custom CodeQL pack. You can publish the pack as a CodeQL pack to GitHub Packages - the GitHub Container registry. For more information, see Customizing analysis with CodeQL packs.
CodeQL packs organize the files used in CodeQL analysis and can store queries, library files, query suites, and important metadata. Their root directory must contain a file named qlpack.yml. Your custom queries should be saved in the CodeQL pack root, or its subdirectories.
For each CodeQL pack, the qlpack.yml file includes information that tells the CodeQL CLI how to compile the queries, which other CodeQL packs and libraries the pack depends on, and where to find query suite definitions. For more information about what to include in this file, see Customizing analysis with CodeQL packs.
Including query help for custom CodeQL queries in SARIF files
If you use the CodeQL CLI to run code scanning analyses on third party CI/CD systems, you can include the query help for your custom queries in SARIF files generated during an analysis. After uploading the SARIF file to GitHub, the query help is shown in the code scanning UI for any alerts generated by the custom queries.
From CodeQL CLI v2.7.1 onwards, you can include markdown-rendered query help in SARIF files
by providing the --sarif-add-query-help option when running
codeql database analyze.
You can write query help for custom queries directly in a markdown file and save it alongside the
corresponding query. Alternatively, for consistency with the standard CodeQL queries,
you can write query help in the .qhelp format. Query help written in .qhelp
files can’t be included in SARIF files, and they can’t be processed by code
scanning so must be converted to markdown before running
the analysis. For more information, see Query help files
and Testing query help files.
Contributing to the CodeQL repository
If you would like to share your query with other CodeQL users, you can open a pull request in the CodeQL repository. For more information, see Contributing to CodeQL.