Segfault on ``cls.__dict__['__new__'].__annotations__``

[AA-Turner]

Crash report

What happened?

The following is a reproducer of (another) segfault discovered when trying to test Python 3.14 in CI for Sphinx:

class Spam:
    def __new__(cls, x, y):
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    assert Spam.__new__.__annotations__ == {}
    obj = Spam.__dict__['__new__']
    assert isinstance(obj, staticmethod)
    getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)  # segfault here
    try:
        obj.__annotations__  # and here (absent the above)
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    print('no segfault!')

Whilst checking __annotations__ directly is somewhat convoluted, it was originally triggered by inspect.isasyncgenfunction(), which calls inspect._signature_is_functionlike() via _has_code_flag().

A similar error occurs with __class_getitem__ and __init_subclass__, but not with user-defined methdods declared with either classmethod or staticmethod. As the reproducer demonstrates, the segfault only happens with the descriptor object from __dict__ -- cls.__new__.__annotations__ is fine.

Bisection showed this to be due to d28afd3 (#119864), cc @JelleZijlstra

d28afd3fa064db10a2eb2a65bba33e8ea77a8fcf is the first bad commit
commit d28afd3fa064db10a2eb2a65bba33e8ea77a8fcf
Author: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri May 31 14:05:51 2024 -0700

    gh-119180: Lazily wrap annotations on classmethod and staticmethod (#119864)

A

CPython versions tested on:

CPython main branch

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Output from running 'python -VV' on the command line:

Python 3.14.0a0 (bisect/bad:d28afd3fa06, Oct 6 2024, 01:35:23) [GCC 13.2.0]

Linked PRs

• gh-125017: Fix crash on premature access to classmethod/staticmethod annotations #125636
• gh-125017: Fix refleak from GH-125636 #125664

[ZeroIntensity]

@JelleZijlstra I took a quick glance at the implementation and PR, and I think this is a matter of forgetting to initialize sm_dict and cm_dict in constructors. IIRC, if tp_dictoffset is used, the dictionary won't get created until someone tries to access __dict__, so here it ends up being NULL, and thus segfaulting.

[JelleZijlstra]

Thanks @ZeroIntensity, I agree that's the right diagnosis. Found a related crash too:

Python 3.14.0a1+ (heads/main-dirty:a5a7f5e16d8, Oct 16 2024, 22:38:43) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> @classmethod
... def f(): pass
... 
>>> del f.__annotations__
Assertion failed: (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)), function _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault, file generated_cases.c.h, line 5059.
Abort trap: 6